NachhaltigTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
P. Fayemi, Kristina Wanieck, C. Zollfrank, N. Maranzana, A. Aoussat
Biomimetics: process, tools and practice
Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, vol. 12, no. 1
2017
Abstract anzeigen
Biomimetics applies principles and strategies abstracted from biological systems to engineering and technological design. With a huge potential for innovation, biomimetics could evolve into a key process in businesses. Yet challenges remain within the process of biomimetics, especially from the perspective of potential users. We work to clarify the understanding of the process of biomimetics. Therefore, we briefly summarize the terminology of biomimetics and bioinspiration. The implementation of biomimetics requires a stated process. Therefore, we present a model of the problem-driven process of biomimetics that can be used for problem-solving activity. The process of biomimetics can be facilitated by existing tools and creative methods. We mapped a set of tools to the biomimetic process model and set up assessment sheets to evaluate the theoretical and practical value of these tools. We analyzed the tools in interdisciplinary research workshops and present the characteristics of the tools. We also present the attempt of a utility tree which, once finalized, could be used to guide users through the process by choosing appropriate tools respective to their own expertize. The aim of this paper is to foster the dialogue and facilitate a closer collaboration within the field of biomimetics.
NachhaltigTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Kristina Wanieck, P. Fayemi, N. Maranzana, C. Zollfrank, S. Jacobs
Biomimetics and its Tools
Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials, no. January, pp. 1-14
2017
DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.16.00010
Abstract anzeigen
Biomimetics, as the transfer of strategies from biology to technology, is an emerging research area and has led to significant concepts over the past decades. The development of such concepts is described by the process of biomimetics, encompassing several steps. In Practice, beneficiaries of the process face challenges. Therefore, to overcome challenges and to facilitate the steps, tools have been developed in various areas, such as engineering, computing and design. However, these tools are not widely used yet. This paper presents an overview and a classification study of more than 40 tools with qualitative criteria. The criteria included, for example, the year of development, the accessibility of tools, the facilitated steps of the process or their contribution to sustainability. The classification shows that certain steps of the process and their challenges are well addressed by the tools, while other steps are not. The presented results contribute to the proposal of an improvement of the state of the art, and they build the foundation for future theoretical and practical analyses. These findings could contribute to increasing the implementation of biomimetics in various disciplines in the long term.
Zentrum für Akademische WeiterbildungZeitschriftenartikel
A. Al Lily, J. Foland, D. Stoloff, A. Gogus, I. Erguvan, M. Awshar, J. Tondeur, M. Hammond, I. Venter, P. Jerry, A. Oni, Y. Liu, R. Badosek, López de la Madrid, M.C., E. Mazzoni, D. Vlachopoulos, H. Lee, K. Kinley, M. Kalz, U. Sambuu, T. Bushnaq, N. Pinkwart, N. Adedokun-Shittu, P.-O. Zander, K. Oliver, L. Teixeira Pombo, J. Balaban Sali, S. Gregory, S. Tobgay, M. Joy, J. Elen, Odeh Helal Jwaifell, M., M.N.H.M. Said, Y. Al-Saggaf, A. Naaji, J. White, K. Jordan, J. Gerstein, İ. Umit Yapici, C. Sanga, P. Nleya, B. Sbihi, M. Rocha Lucas, V. Mbarika, S. Schön, L. Sujo-Montes, M. Santally, P. Häkkinen, A. Al Saif, Andreas Gegenfurtner, S. Schatz, V. Padilla Vigil, C. Tannahill, S. Padilla Partida, Z. Zhang, K. Charalambous, A. Moreira, M. Coto, et al.
Academic domains as political battlegrounds
A global enquiry by 99 academics in the fields of education and technology
Information Development, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 270-288
2017
DOI: 10.1177/0266666916646415
Abstract anzeigen
This article theorizes the functional relationship between the human components (i.e., scholars) and non-human components (i.e., structural configurations) of academic domains. It is organized around the following question: in what ways have scholars formed and been formed by the structural configurations of their academic domain? The article uses as a case study the academic domain of education and technology to examine this question. Its authorship approach is innovative, with a worldwide collection of academics (99 authors) collaborating to address the proposed question based on their reflections on daily social and academic practices. This collaboration followed a three-round process of contributions via email. Analysis of these scholars’ reflective accounts was carried out, and a theoretical proposition was established from this analysis. The proposition is of a mutual (yet not necessarily balanced) power (and therefore political) relationship between the human and non-human constituents of an academic realm, with the two shaping one another. One implication of this proposition is that these non-human elements exist as political ‘actors’, just like their human counterparts, having ‘agency’ – which they exercise over humans. This turns academic domains into political (functional or dysfunctional) ‘battlefields’ wherein both humans and non-humans engage in political activities and actions that form the identity of the academic domain.
ExternM.-E. Geis
Das Hochschulrecht im Freistaat Bayern: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Praxis
C.F. Müller Wissenschaft, Heidelberg
2017
GesundAngewandte WirtschaftswissenschaftenZeitschriftenartikel
H. Lüdeke, Hanjo Allinger
Zeig mir deine Freunde und ich sag dir, wer du bist
Ein empirischer Test zur Berücksichtigung der Akteursheterogenität in der Sozialkapitalforschung
Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift für betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung (zfbf), vol. 71, no. Januar
2017
Abstract anzeigen
Die vorliegende Studie trägt zur Akteursperspektive in der Sozialkapitalforschung bei, indem Problematisierungen aus der Endogenitätsdiskussion einem umfangreichen empirischen Test unterzogen werden. Ambition, Qualität und soziale Ähnlichkeit der Akteure besitzen ebenso wie weitere unbeobachtete individuelle Eigenschaften Erklärungskraft für beruflichen Erfolg. Doch statt sich bei Berücksichtigung der Akteursheterogenität zu verringern, steigt die Effektstärke des Sozialkapitals. Die spekulative Annahme, dass stärkere Berücksichtigung der Akteure die Rolle des Sozialkapitals zwangsläufig mindert, lässt sich empirisch nicht aufrechterhalten. Gerade bei Berücksichtigung der Eigenschaften der Netzwerkenden wird die unterstützende Wirkung der Sozialkapitalnutzung als Interaktionseffekt deutlich.
In einer Re-Analyse einer ökonomisch inspirierten Panelstudie von 1988–2004 wird durch die Konzentration auf den Einstiegszeitpunkt in berufliche Netzwerke das Problem umgedrehter Kausalität eingegrenzt. Netzwerkaufbau und -nutzung gehen teilweise dem beruflichen Erfolg voraus.
Dies gilt für eine Gruppe von 348 wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Graduierten bezogen auf das Bruttojahreseinkommen im ersten Karriere-Jahrzehnt. Die Evidenz deutet auf Sozialkapital als verstärkenden Faktor hin, der die Erfolgswirkung positiver Akteurseigenschaften erhöht.
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