DigitalNachhaltigF: Europan Campus Rottal-InnZeitschriftenartikel
Matthias Huber, C. Weissbart
On the optimal mix of wind and solar generation in the future Chinese power system
Energy, vol. 90, no. October, pp. 235-243
2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.05.146
Abstract anzeigen
China is one of the largest and fastest growing economies in the world. Until now, the corresponding growth of electricity consumption has been mainly provided by coal. However, as national reserves are limited and since burning coal leads to severe environmental problems, the employment of alternative sources of energy supply has become an important part of the Chinese energy policy. Recent studies show that wind energy alone could meet all of China's electricity demand. While our results validate these findings with regard to annual production, we look at the hour-by-hour resolution and uncover a major limitation: wind generation will not match the demand at every given point in time. This results in significant periods with over- and undersupply. Our study shows that combining wind and solar generation in the power system reduces overproduction significantly and increases the capacity credit of the combined VRE (variable renewable energy sources). The article demonstrates that up to 70% of VRE comprising 20–30% solar generation in the form of photovoltaics (PV) can be integrated into China's electricity system with moderate storage requirements. We encourage planners to consider those findings in their long-term planning in order to set up a sustainable power system for China at low costs.
DigitalNachhaltigF: Europan Campus Rottal-InnZeitschriftenartikel
Matthias Huber, A. Roger, T. Hamacher
Optimizing long-term investments for a sustainable development of the ASEAN power system
Energy, vol. 88, no. August, pp. 180-193
2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.04.065
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The electricity consumption in the ASEAN (Association of East Asian Nations) region is one of the fastest growing in the world and will lead to a dramatic increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the next decades. A decarbonization of the region's electricity supply is thus a very important measure when taking action on global climate change. This paper defines cost-optimal pathways towards a sustainable power system in the region by employing linear optimization. The proposed model simultaneously optimizes the required capacities and the hourly operation of generation, transmission, and storage. The obtained results show that all different kinds of renewable sources will have to be utilized, while none of them should have a share of more than one third. The findings give reason for setting up an ASEAN power grid, as it enables the transportation of electricity from the best sites to load centers and leads to a balancing of the fluctuations from wind and solar generation. We suggest fostering a diversified extension of renewables and to elaborate on political and technical solutions that enable the build up an transnational supergrid.
NachhaltigF: Europan Campus Rottal-InnZeitschriftenartikel
Janina Beduhn
G4-Reporting zur Lieferkette – erste Erfolge in DAX und EURO STOXX
CSR NEWS, no. 30.03.2015
2015
Abstract anzeigen
Beim Einbezug der Lieferkette in die Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung nach dem aktuellen Reportingstandard G4 feiern DAX 30 und EURO STOXX 50-Unternehmen erste Erfolge. Es werden vermehrt konkrete Zahlen und Anteile genannt, und einzelne Best Practice-Berichte gehen bereits deutlich über eine Beschreibung von Lieferkette und Lieferantenchecks hinaus. Unsere Kurzstudie zeigt: Die Unternehmen haben sich auf den Weg gemacht!
DigitalNachhaltigExternZeitschriftenartikel
M. Dostalek, S. Steger, Anton Schmailzl, S. Hierl
Detecting Defects Reliably. Pyrometer-Based Temperature Measurement during Quasi-Simultaneous Laser Transmission Welding.
Kunststoffe International, vol. 105, no. 12, pp. 37-40
2015
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The integration of a broadband pyrometer in a 3-D scanner enables a continuous and local temperature measurement during the quasi-simultaneous laser transmission welding process. Welding tests on polyethylene samples show that defects can be clearly identified based on the temperature signal, despite a high scanning velocity.
DigitalNachhaltigExternZeitschriftenartikel
Anton Schmailzl, S. Steger, S. Hierl
Process Monitoring at Laser Welding of Thermoplastics. 3D‐scanner with integrated pyrometer enables online temperature monitoring at quasi‐simultaneous laser transmission welding
Laser Technik Journal, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 34-37
2015
DOI: 10.1002/latj.201500029
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A pyrometer, integrated into a 3D‐scanner, offers the possibility to measure the weld seam temperature at quasi‐simultaneous laser transmission welding. Experimental studies have shown that gaps located in the joining zone can be identified by a temperature rise even at a high scanning velocity. This enables the implementation of algorithms for observation and control strategies.
GesundF: Angewandte GesundheitswissenschaftenZeitschriftenartikel
Mareike Hechinger, A. Kobleder
Förderung der Adhärenz kardiologischer Rehabilitation
Cochrane Pflege Corner. Krankenpflege, vol. 8, pp. 36-37
2015
Abstract anzeigen
Die kardiologische Rehabilitationist eine Komponente zur Unterstützung von Patientinnen und Patienten bei der Erholung nach koronaren Ereignissen und zielt darauf ab, die Wahrscheinlichkeit für weitere Erkrankungen zu senken. Die Anzahl Teilnehmender an Rehabilitationsprogrammen ist aber oft gering und teilnehmende Personen halten sich mitunter nicht an das empfohlene Programm. Mit diesem Cochrane Review wird ein bereits bestehender Review aus dem Jahr 2013 aktualisiert. Die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler suchten in den Datenbanken MEDLINE, EMBASE, CI-NAHL und PsycINFO. Zudem wurden die Datenbanken des Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) und die Conference Proceedings on Web of Science (ISI Proceedings) durchsucht. Um auf weitere Studien aufmerksam zu werden, wurden auch die Datenbanken des National Health Service (NHS) und des Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) berücksichtigt. Neben der Suche in Datenbanken wurden die Referenzlisten eingeschlossener Studien nachweiteren relevanten Studien durch-gesehen. Es gab keine Einschrän-kung hinsichtlich der Sprache.Eingeschlossen wurden randomi-sierte kontrollierte Studien (RCT’s),Quasi-RCT’sund Crossover-Stu-dien. Personen über 18 JahremitMyokardinfarkt, Koronararterien-bypass-Operation, perkutanertransluminaler Koronarangioplastie (PTCA), Herzversagen, Angina oder anderen koronaren Herzerkrankungen galten als relevante Population, sofern sie berechtigt und geeignet waren, an einer kardialen Rehabilitation teilzunehmen. Zur Messung der Adhärenz wurden solche Teilnehmende als relevant angesehen, die bereits zugestimmt hatten, an einer Rehabilitation teilzunehmen. Ausgeschlos-sen wurden Personen mit Herztransplantation oder Herzschrittmachern bzw. Studien mit Interventionen, die lediglich pharmakologische Behandlungen betrafen.
DigitalF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC Plattling MoMoZeitschriftenartikel
T. Hammer, Berthold Bäuml
The Communication Layer of the aRDx Software Framework: Highly Performant and Realtime Deterministic
Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, vol. 77, pp. 171-185
2015
DOI: 10.1007/s10846-014-0095-9
Abstract anzeigen
Communication between software components is one of the most important functionalities a software framework for modern complex robotic systems has to provide. Here, we present the highly performant realtime communication layer of our new robotic software framework aRDx (agile robot development – next generation), with, e.g., zero-copy semantics, realtime determinism and detailed control of the QoS (quality of service). In addition, we give an in- depth performance comparison to other popular robotic frameworks, namely ROS, YARP, Orocos and aRD.
DigitalF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC Plattling MoMoZeitschriftenartikel
O. Birbach, U. Frese, Berthold Bäuml
Rapid calibration of a multi-sensorial humanoid’s upper body: An automatic and self-contained approach
The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 34, no. 4-5, pp. 420-436
2015
DOI: 10.1177/0278364914548201
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This paper addresses the problem of calibrating a pair of cameras, a Microsoft Kinect sensor and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) mounted at the head of a humanoid robot with respect to its kinematic chain. As complex manipulation tasks require an accurate interplay of all involved sensors, the quality of calibration is crucial for the outcome of the intended tasks. Typical procedures for calibrating are often time-consuming, involve multiple people overseeing a series of subsequent calibration steps and require external tools. We therefore propose to auto-calibrate all sensors in a single, completely automatic and self-contained procedure, i.e. without a calibration plate. By automatically detecting a single point feature on each wrist while moving the robot’s head, the stereo cameras’, the Kinect’s infrared camera’s intrinsic and extrinsic and an IMU’s extrinsic parameters are calibrated while considering the arm joint elasticities and joint angle offsets. All parameters are obtained by formulating the calibration problem as a single least-squares batch-optimization problem. The procedure is integrated on DLR’s humanoid robot Agile Justin allowing to obtain an accurate calibration in around 5 minutes by simply “pushing a button”. The proposed approach is experimentally validated by means of standard metrics of the calibration errors.
GesundF: Europan Campus Rottal-InnZeitschriftenartikel
Anna-Maria Kasparbauer, D. Rujescu, M. Riedel, O. Pogarell, A. Costa, T. Meindl, C. La Fougère, U. Ettinger
Methylphenidate Effects on Brain Activity as a Function of SLC6A3 Genotype and Striatal Dopamine Transporter Availability
Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 40, pp. 736-745
2015
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.240
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We pharmacologically challenged catecholamine reuptake, using methylphenidate, to investigate its effects on brain activity during a motor response inhibition task as a function of the 3′-UTR variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism of the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene (SLC6A3) and the availability of DATs in the striatum. We measured the cerebral hemodynamic response of 50 healthy males during a Go/No-Go task, a measure of cognitive control, under the influence of 40 mg methylphenidate and placebo using 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were grouped into 9-repeat (9R) carriers and 10/10 homozygotes on the basis of the SLC6A3 VNTR. During successful no-go trials compared with oddball trials, methylphenidate induced an increase of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal for carriers of the SLC6A3 9R allele but a decrease in 10/10 homozygotes in a thalamocortical network. The same pattern was observed in caudate and inferior frontal gyrus when successful no-go trials were compared with successful go trials. We additionally investigated in a subset of 35 participants whether baseline striatal DAT availability, ascertained with 123I-FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography, predicted the amount of methylphenidate-induced change in hemodynamic response or behavior. Striatal DAT availability was nominally greater in 9R carriers compared with 10/10 homozygotes (d=0.40), in line with meta-analyses, but did not predict BOLD or behavioral changes following MPH administration. We conclude that the effects of acute MPH administration on brain activation are dependent on DAT genotype, with 9R carriers showing enhanced BOLD following administration of a prodopaminergic compound.
GesundF: Europan Campus Rottal-InnZeitschriftenartikel
Anna-Maria Kasparbauer, N. Merten, D. Aichert, N. Wöstmann, T. Meindl, D. Rujescu, U. Ettinger
Association of COMT and SLC6A3 Polymorphisms With Impulsivity, Response Inhibition and Brain Function
Cortex, vol. 71, no. October, pp. 219-231
2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.07.002
Abstract anzeigen
Evidence of the genetic correlates of inhibitory control is scant. Two previously studied dopamine-related polymorphisms, COMT rs4680 and the SLC6A3 3′ UTR 40-base-pair VNTR (rs28363170), have been associated with response inhibition, however with inconsistent findings. Here, we investigated the influence of these two polymorphisms in a large healthy adult sample (N = 515) on a response inhibition battery including the antisaccade, stop-signal, go/no-go and Stroop tasks as well as a psychometric measure of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) (Experiment 1). Additionally, a subsample (N = 144) was studied while performing the go/no-go, stop-signal and antisaccade tasks in 3T fMRI (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, we did not find any significant associations of COMT or SLC6A3 with inhibitory performance or impulsivity. In Experiment 2, no association of COMT with BOLD was found. However, there were consistent main effects of SLC6A3 genotype in all inhibitory contrasts: Homozygosity of the 10R allele was associated with greater fronto–striatal BOLD response than genotypes with at least one 9R allele. These findings are consistent with meta-analyses showing that the 10R allele is associated with reduced striatal dopamine transporter expression, which in animal studies has been found to lead to increased extracellular dopamine levels. Our study thus supports the involvement of striatal dopamine in the neural mechanisms of cognitive control, in particular response inhibition.
GesundF: Europan Campus Rottal-InnZeitschriftenartikel
I. Meyhöfer, M. Steffens, Anna-Maria Kasparbauer, P. Grant, B. Weber, U. Ettinger
Neural Mechanisms of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Schizotypy
Human Brain Mapping, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 340-353
2015
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22632
Abstract anzeigen
Patients with schizophrenia as well as individuals with high levels of schizotypy are known to have deficits in smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM). Here, we investigated, for the first time, the neural mechanisms underlying SPEM performance in high schizotypy. Thirty‐one healthy participants [N = 19 low schizotypes, N = 12 high schizotypes (HS)] underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T with concurrent oculographic recording while performing a SPEM task with sinusoidal stimuli at two velocities (0.2 and 0.4 Hz). Behaviorally, a significant interaction between schizotypy group and velocity was found for frequency of saccades during SPEM, indicating impairments in HS in the slow but not the fast condition. On the neural level, HS demonstrated lower brain activation in different regions of the occipital lobe known to be associated with early sensory and attentional processing and motion perception (V3A, middle occipital gyrus, and fusiform gyrus). This group difference in neural activation was independent of target velocity. Together, these findings replicate the observation of altered pursuit performance in highly schizotypal individuals and, for the first time, identify brain activation patterns accompanying these performance changes. These posterior activation differences are compatible with evidence of motion processing deficits from the schizophrenia literature and, therefore, suggest overlap between schizotypy and schizophrenia both on cognitive‐perceptual and neurophysiological levels. However, deficits in frontal motor areas observed during pursuit in schizophrenia were not seen here, suggesting the operation of additional genetic and/or illness‐related influences in the clinical disorder.
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