NachhaltigElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Melanie Piser, Roland Zink, Sebastian Wöllmann
Smart Landscapes and PUBinPLAN - Digital Participation for Creating Sustainable Rural Regions
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies (ACIT) [June 5-7, 2019; České Budějovice, Czech Republic]
2019
DOI: 10.1109/ACITT.2019.8779892
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This paper discusses the impact of ICT for creating sustainable rural regions. An empirical analysis of 255 Bavarian communes in 2018 showed, that there is a lack of digital content on the communes' homepages. New ideas are needed for participation and communication in rural communes. To close this gap, PUB in PLAN, a digital participation platform was initiated. This platform is the basement for new, smart and effective participation projects using digital and analog forms of moderation for sustainable and intelligent city developments.
MobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Raphaela Pagany, Anna Marquardt, Roland Zink
Electric Charging Demand Location Model—A User- and Destination-Based Locating Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 8
2019
DOI: 10.3390/su11082301
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In recent years, with the increased focus on climate protection, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a relevant alternative to conventional motorized vehicles. Even though the market share of EVs is still comparatively low, there are ongoing considerations for integrating EVs in transportation systems. Along with pushing EV sales numbers, the installation of charging infrastructure is necessary. This paper presents a user- and destination-based approach for locating charging stations (CSs) for EVs—the electric charging demand location (ECDL) model. With regard to the daily activities of potential EV users, potential positions for CSs are derived on a micro-location level in public and semipublic spaces using geographic information systems (GIS). Depending on the vehicle users’ dwell times and visiting frequencies at potential points of interest (POIs), the charging demand at such locations is calculated. The model is mainly based on a survey analyzing the average time spent per daily activity, regional data about driver and vehicle ownership numbers, and the georeferenced localization of regularly visited POIs. Optimal sites for parking and charging EVs within the POIs neighborhood are selected based on walking distance calculations, including spatial neighborhood effects, such as the density of POIs. In a case study in southeastern Germany, the model identifies concrete places with the highest overall demand for CSs, resulting in an extensive coverage of the electric energy demand while considering as many destinations within the acceptable walking distance threshold as possible.
MobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Raphaela Pagany, Wolfgang Dorner
Do Crash Barriers and Fences Have an Impact on Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions? An Artificial Intelligence and GIS-Based Analysis
ISPRS Internation Journal of Geo-Information, vol. 8, no. 2
2019
DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8020066
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Wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) cause significant road mortality of wildlife and have led to the installation of protective measures along streets. Until now, it has been difficult to determine the impact of roadside infrastructure that might act as a barrier for animals. The main deficits are the lack of geodata for roadside infrastructure and georeferenced accidents recorded for a larger area. We analyzed 113 km of road network of the district Freyung-Grafenau, Germany, and 1571 WVCs, examining correlations between the appearance of WVCs, the presence or absence of roadside infrastructure, particularly crash barriers and fences, and the relevance of the blocking effect for individual species. To receive infrastructure data on a larger scale, we analyzed 5596 road inspection images with a neural network for barrier recognition and a GIS for a complete spatial inventory. This data was combined with the data of WVCs in GIS to evaluate the infrastructure’s impact on accidents. The results show that crash barriers have an effect on WVCs, as collisions are lower on roads with crash barriers. In particular, smaller animals have a lower collision share. The risk reduction at fenced sections could not be proven as fenced sections are only available at 3% of the analyzed roads. Thus, especially the fence dataset must be validated by a larger sample number. However, these preliminary results indicate that the combination of artificial intelligence and GIS may be used to analyze and better allocate protective barriers or to apply it in alternative measures, such as dynamic WVC risk-warning.
NachhaltigTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Javier Valdés, Luis Ramirez Camargo, Y. Masip Macia, A. Poque González
Cogeneración en Chile: Capacidades, desarrollo y perspectivas
[Status: In Press]
Avances en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (AVERMA)
2019
Abstract anzeigen
RESUMEN: En Chile, el proyecto de cogeneración más antiguo data de 1930 y operó hasta el año 1997. Sin embargo, pese a que la tecnología lleva introducida largo tiempo, pocos son los estudios que han analizado el potencial de CHP y su evolución. Un primer paso para el estudio del potencial del país es la creación de un catastro que incluya la capacidad instalada. El interés de este ejercicio radica en el potencial de integración de mayores cantidades de CHP en el sistema eléctrico con el objetivo de hacer frente a la intermitencia de fuentes de energía no convencionales. Además, las plantas CHP pueden ayudar a alcanzar los objetivos de eficiencia energética gracias a la posibilidad de los generadores de volcar a la red tanto la electricidad como calor no consumido en los procesos productivos. Sin embargo, para que esto ocurra es necesario el desarrollo de un marco regulatorio acorde a las capacidades y características de las plantas de CHP. El objetivo de este artículo es precisamente identificar las características de las instalaciones en industrias específicas, así como su evolución, con el objetivo de extrapolar los datos al resto de la economía y obtener un potencial de CHP para el país. Para ello, se han hecho consultas de catastros anteriores, así como entrevistas con empresas para conocer el estado actual del parque de plantas de CHP en el país. Palabras clave: cogeneración, eficiencia energética, flexibilidad del sistema eléctrico 1.
NachhaltigTC FreyungBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Javier Valdés, Luis Ramirez Camargo, Y. Masip Macia, Wolfgang Dorner
Assessment of on-site steady electricity generation from renewable energy sources in Chile
Energy Procedia (Contributions to the 10th International Conference on Applied Energy ICAE 2018), vol. 158
2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.266
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Chile has an immense renewable energy potential but their integration in the energy system constitutes a major challenge. The complex topography of the country, the isolation of the different electric grids and the variability of renewable energy sources, makes energy transmission from locations with high variable renewable power generation potential to the demand centres not an easy task. The present study aims at assessing the potential of combining solar power, wind power and storage systems to provide steady loads already from the source. Such a combination should take advantage of complementarity between variable renewable sources and serves to simplify their integration in the energy system. The analysis relies on an optimization model to size hybrid renewable energy systems and 10 years of weather data from the brand new ERA-5 reanalysis. Necessary system sizes to constantly generate 1 MWh of electricity for every hour during the period 2008-2017 are calculated for all possible locations across the country. The results show that the necessary generation and storage capacities to provide a steady energy output are very high even for areas with exceptionally high renewable energy potential.
NachhaltigTC FreyungBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Luis Ramirez Camargo, Wolfgang Dorner, K. Gruber, F. Nitsch
Hybrid renewable energy systems to supply electricity to self-sufficient residential buildings in Central Europe
Energy Procedia (Contributions to the 10th International Conference on Applied Energy ICAE 2018), vol. 158
2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.096
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This work evaluates potentials of photovoltaic and battery systems with additional micro-generation wind turbines (10.5 kW) to cover electricity demand of residential users in two countries in Central Europe. It relies on high-resolution regional reanalysis data and a techno-economical optimization model. Maps showing the number of wind turbines, photovoltaic and battery systems sizes necessary to supply electricity for clusters of electricity self-sufficient single-family houses across Germany and the Czech Republic are generated. No general trends that apply for the two countries concerning the relation between the sizes of the different technologies were identified. However, it was possible to determine several large areas where the inclusion of small wind turbines decreases the total system costs and considerably reduces the required storage capacities. Results are discussed and compared to previous work on self-sufficient single-family houses.
DigitalMobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Javier Valdés, Jane Wuth, Matthias Schmidbauer, Roland Zink, Sebastian Schröck
Extracting Relevant Points of Interest from Open Street Map to Support E-Mobility Infrastructure Models
Bavarian Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 323-341
2018
DOI: 10.25929/bjas.v4i1.51
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Neben kommerziell bereitgestellten Geodaten nehmen freiwillig erhobene geographische Daten (VGI, volunteered geographic information) in der Forschung einen wachsenden Stellenwert ein. Plattformen wie OpenStreetMap (OSM) bieten inzwischen eine enorme Menge an Geodaten, deren Qualität und deren Mehrwert für die Forschung zunehmend kritisch betrachtet werden. Besonders dann, wenn es um räumliche Planung geht, müssen die Daten vor der Anwendung angemessen validiert und bereinigt werden. In diesem Artikel wird ein Datenverarbeitungsmodell vorgestellt, mit dem OSM-Daten so
aufbereitet werden können, dass der Bedarf an Ladeinfrastruktur für Elektroautos über von Nutzern eingetragene Point of Interests (POI) räumlich möglichst genau erfasst und abgebildet werden kann. Zunächst erfolgt eine Selektion relevanter Datensets durch eine Prävalidierung. Im zweiten Schritt werden die wichtigsten POI selektiert und spezifiziert. In einem dritten Schritt werden alle OSM-immanenten Schwierigkeiten beseitigt. Das hier vorgestellte Datenverarbeitungsmodell ist auf das Thema Elektromobilität zugeschnitten, für welches POIs in die vier Zeitkategorien Arbeit, Leben, Einkaufen und Freizeit eingeteilt werden, um so den Bedarf an Ladeinfrastruktur zu erheben. Durch dieses Modell der Datenverarbeitung soll die Energienachfrage für Elektroautos räumlich möglichst realistisch dargestellt werden und Rohdaten mit ihren bekannten Fehlern durch den OSM-Datensammlungsprozess bereinigt aufbereitet werden. Anhand einer Fallstudie, die im bayerisch-tschechischen Grenzraum durchgeführt wurde, wird gezeigt, dass die Fehlerrate durch die Implementierung validierter Daten um ca 10% reduziert werden kann.
NachhaltigElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Luis Ramirez Camargo, Wolfgang Dorner, K. Gruber, F. Nitsch
Assessing regional reanalysis data sets for planning small-scale renewable energy system
20th EGU General Assembly, EGU2018, Proceedings from the conference held 4-13 April, 2018 in Vienna, Austria, p.4996
2018
Abstract anzeigen
An accurate resource availability estimation is vital for proper location, sizing and economic viability of renewable energy plants. Large photovoltaic (PV) and wind installations undergo a long and exhaustive planning process that would imply unacceptably high costs for developers of small-scale installations. In a context of abolition of feed-in tariffs, electricity feed-in restricted by grid capacity constraints and storage systems being commercialized at lower costs, the acquisition of high quality solar radiation and wind speed data becomes important also for planners of small scale installations. These data allow the characterization of short-term and inter-annual variability of the resources availability. Global reanalysis data sets provide long time series of these variables with temporal resolutions that can be as high as one hour and at no cost for the final user. However, due to the coarse spatial resolution and relatively low accuracy these products only provide an inferior alternative for data retrieval compared to e.g. satellite derived radiation data sets or advanced interpolation methods for wind speed data. The COSMO-REA6 and COSMOS-REA2 regional reanalysis overcome this limitation by increasing the resolution of the reanalysis to six and two kilometres respectively. The accuracy of these data sets for variables with high relevancy for meteorology, such as rainfall, has been assessed with satisfactory results but an independent evaluation for variables relevant for renewable energy generation has not been performed yet. This work presents an assessment of the variables of these data sets that have been made available to the public until November 2017. This assessment is performed for the area of the federal state of Bavaria in Germany and whole Czech Republic using data of the Bavarian agro-meteorological network and the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. Accuracy indicators are calculated for horizontal global radiation or cloud coverage (depending on data availability from the weather stations) and wind speeds at 10 meters height. While there are important differences between weather stations and cloud coverage data, the results for wind speeds and global solar irradiance are satisfactory for most of the locations. For certain locations widely used indicators such as the Pearson's correlation coefficient reach values above 0.8 for wind speeds and above 0.9 for global solar irradiance and the mean biased error is consistently lower than 10 W/m2 and can be as low as 0.3 W/m2 for the irradiance data and is, with a few exceptions, lower than 2 m/s in Germany and lower than 1 m/s in the Czech Republic for wind speed data. A total of eight indicators for the hourly data in the period between 1995 and 2015 are calculated, presented, discussed and compared against international literature dealing with data accuracy for solar irradiance and wind speed data sets.
NachhaltigElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Q. Chaudhry, J. Lewis, A. Dudkiewicz, Boxall, A. B. A., G. Allmaier, Peter Hofmann, K. Tiede, A. Lehner, K. Molhave
Development of a sample preparation approach to measure the size of nanoparticle aggregates by electron microscopy
[Available online 29 November 2018]
Particuology
2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2018.05.007
Abstract anzeigen
Electron microscopy (EM) is widely used for nanoparticle (NP) sizing. Following an initial assessment of two sample preparation protocols described in the current literature as “unperturbed”, we found that neither could accurately measure the size of NPs featuring a broad size distribution, e.g., aggregates. Because many real-world NP samples consist of aggregates, this finding was of considerable concern. The data showed that the protocols introduced errors into the measurement by either inducing agglomeration artefacts or providing a skewed size distribution towards small particles (skewing artefact). The focus of this work was to develop and apply a mathematical refinement to correct the skewing artefact. This refinement provided a much improved agreement between EM and a reference methodology, when applied to the measurement of synthetic amorphous silica NPs. Further investigation, highlighted the influence of NP chemistry on the refinement. This study emphasised the urgent need for greater and more detailed consideration regarding the sample preparation of NP aggregates to routinely achieve accurate measurements by EM. This study also provided a novel refinement solution applicable to the size characterisation of silica and citrate-coated gold NPs featuring broad size distributions. With further research, this approach could be extended to other NP types
DigitalElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Anne Weinfurtner, J. Fesl, M. Vohnoutová, K. Paclíková, Wolfgang Dorner, K. Horníčková, M. Preusz, L. Dostálek
Geoinformatics and Crowdsourcing in Cultural Heritage: A Tool for Managing Historical Archives
AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 73-83
2018
DOI: 10.7160/aol.2018.100207
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Archives of historical photographs have a great potential for "geo- or spatial sciences", for they can provide highly relevant visual data on historical landscapes, populated places and settlement structures, including those now destroyed. Processing of these archives represents many challenges, among them the application of geoinformatic concepts and information technologies. The article presents the example of geo-referencing, crowdsourcing, and other computer-based technologies applied to the archival photographs of today-destroyed sites on the Czech – Bavarian border, where many villages, farm sites and monuments were destroyed in the 1950s or abandoned as a consequence of post-WWII development. In the situation of dramatically changing landscape and land use, historical photographs are an important source of documentation for both research and virtual reconstruction of disappeared places, landscape, and society.
NachhaltigElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Luis Ramirez Camargo, G. Stoeglehner
Spatiotemporal modelling for integrated spatial and energy planning
Energy, Sustainability and Society, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-29
2018
DOI: 10.1186/s13705-018-0174-z
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The transformation of the energy system to a renewable one is crucial to enable sustainable development for mankind. The integration of high shares of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy matrix is, however, a major challenge due to the low energy density per area unit and the stochastic temporal patterns in which RES are available. Distributed generation for energy supply becomes necessary to overcome this challenge, but it sets new pressures on the use of space. To optimize the use of space, spatial planning and energy planning have to be integrated, and suitable tools to support this integrated planning process are fundamental.
Spatiotemporal modelling of RES is an emerging research field that aims at supporting and improving the planning process of energy systems with high shares of RES. This paper contributes to this field by reviewing latest developments and proposing models and tools for planning distributed energy systems for municipalities. The models provide estimations of the potentials of fluctuating RES technologies and energy demand in high spatiotemporal resolutions, and the planning tools serve to configure energy systems of multiple technologies that are customized for the local energy demand. Case studies that test the spatiotemporal models and their transferability were evaluated to determine the advantages of using these instead of merely spatial models for planning municipality-wide RES-based energy systems.
Spatiotemporal models allow a more detailed estimation of RES potentials and serve to find not only optimal locations but also optimal sizes for individual RES plants. While the potential of variable RES based on yearly energy generation values can be considerably larger than the energy demand, only a fraction of it can be deployed without compromising the quality and reliability of the local energy supply system. Furthermore, when spatiotemporal models are used, it can be seen that technological diversity is beneficial for the supply quality. Similarly, the advantages and limits of the deployment of storage systems and of combinations of RES-based technologies to cover the local demand were determined and evaluated. Finally, the results from the analyses provide sufficient information to define road maps of installations deployment to achieve desired RES penetration objectives.
MobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Luis Ramirez Camargo, Raphaela Pagany, Wolfgang Dorner
A review of spatial localization methodologies for the electric vehicle charging infrastructure
International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, pp. 1-17
2018
DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2018.1481243
Abstract anzeigen
With view to the high share of the transport sector in total energy consumption, e-mobility should play an important role within the transition of the energy systems. Policymakers in several countries consider electric vehicles (EV) as an alternative to fossil-fueled vehicles. In order to allow for the development of EV, the charging infrastructure has to be set up at locations with high charging potential, identified by means of various criteria such as demand density or trip length. Many methodologies for locating charging stations (CS) have been developed in the last few years. First, this paper presents a broad overview of publications in the domain of CS localization. A classification scheme is proposed regarding modeling theory and empirical application; further on, models are analyzed, distinguishing between users, route or destination centricity of the approaches and outcomes. In a second step, studies in the field of explicit spatial location planning are reviewed in more detail, that is, in terms of their target criteria and the specialization of underlying analytical processes. One divergence of these approaches lies in the varying level of spatial planning, which could be crucial depending on the planning requirements. It is striking that almost all CS locating concepts are proposed for urban areas. Other constraints, such as the lack of extensive empirical EV traffic data for a better understanding of the driving behavior, are identified. This paper provides an overview of the CS models, a classification approach especially considering the problem’s spatial dimension, and derives perspectives for further research.
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