NachhaltigTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
A. Poque González, Y. Masip Macia, Javier Valdés, Luis Ramirez Camargo
Cogeneración en Chile: Capacidades, desarrollo y perspectivas
[Status: In Press]
Avances en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (AVERMA)
2020
Abstract anzeigen
RESUMEN: En Chile, el proyecto de cogeneración más antiguo data de 1930 y operó hasta el año 1997. Sin embargo, pese a que la tecnología lleva introducida largo tiempo, pocos son los estudios que han analizado el potencial de CHP y su evolución. Un primer paso para el estudio del potencial del país es la creación de un catastro que incluya la capacidad instalada. El interés de este ejercicio radica en el potencial de integración de mayores cantidades de CHP en el sistema eléctrico con el objetivo de hacer frente a la intermitencia de fuentes de energía no convencionales. Además, las plantas CHP pueden ayudar a alcanzar los objetivos de eficiencia energética gracias a la posibilidad de los generadores de volcar a la red tanto la electricidad como calor no consumido en los procesos productivos. Sin embargo, para que esto ocurra es necesario el desarrollo de un marco regulatorio acorde a las capacidades y características de las plantas de CHP. El objetivo de este artículo es precisamente identificar las características de las instalaciones en industrias específicas, así como su evolución, con el objetivo de extrapolar los datos al resto de la economía y obtener un potencial de CHP para el país. Para ello, se han hecho consultas de catastros anteriores, así como entrevistas con empresas para conocer el estado actual del parque de plantas de CHP en el país. Palabras clave: cogeneración, eficiencia energética, flexibilidad del sistema eléctrico 1.
NachhaltigAngewandte WirtschaftswissenschaftenTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Christina Sigl, Siegfried Hildebrand, Alexander Faschingbauer, Andreas Berl, J. Geyer, M. Prokýšek, R. Vohnout
Sustainable Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Principles and Smart Meter Requirements for Smart Grids
Bavarian Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 461-475
2019
DOI: 10.25929/bjas.v5i1.66
Abstract anzeigen
The sustainability and efficiency of the current and future power grid is an important topic nowadays. Thus, the increasing usage of renewable energy sources for generation of electricity requires a more complex infrastructure to manage generation and demand efficiently. In order to stabilize a power grid there are different methods to trade energy sources. Especially for smart grid infrastructures, the most interesting approach is to trade energy peer-to-peer. Thus, we consider different peer-to-peer principles in detail. Particularly, the underlying subsystem is essential for fast and accurate trading. That is why smart meters, forming the lowest layer of the system, are one of the most important parts within the grid infrastructure. Their main task is to provide high quality information and services for smart contracting and also for controlling the power grid with regard to efficiency and sustainability. The information provided by smart meters can also be used within a smart energy management to optimize production and consumption times. This demand side management approach helps to prevent overproduction and hence leads to more sustainablitiy in future decentralized power grids. For this purpose, peer-to-peer methods and smart meters have to fulfil dedicated requirements which are considered here in more detail.
NachhaltigAngewandte InformatikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
D. Kammerl, Roland Zink
Nachhaltigkeitsdiamant – Bewertungs- und Implementierungsmethode für eine nachhaltigkeitsorientierte Produktentwicklung
Bavarian Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 423-434
2019
DOI: 10.25929/bjas.v5i1.71
Abstract anzeigen
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine Methode beschrieben, um Nachhaltigkeit in der Produkt- und Produkt-Service-System-Entwicklung zu bewerten. Der Fokus liegt dabei insbesondere auf der frühen Phase der Entwicklung, um im Gegensatz zu einer Vielzahl der bestehenden Bewertungsmethoden proaktiv und nicht reaktiv handeln zu können. Mithilfe der Methode wird der komplexe Sachverhalt der Nachhaltigkeit messbar und graphisch auf einfach verständliche Art und Weise dargestellt.
DigitalAngewandte InformatikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Roland Zink, Melanie Piser, Sebastian Wöllmann
Kommunale Homepages zur nachhaltigen Bürgerkommunikation und -partizipation – ein Vergleich von Stadt und Land
Bavarian Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 412-422
2019
Abstract anzeigen
Motiviert durch die aktuellen Trends in der digitalen Kommunikation hin zu
interaktiven Homepages und Sozialen Medien, thematisiert dieser Beitrag das
quantitative Angebot von digitalen Funktionen auf kommunalen Homepages
im Vergleich von Stadt und Land. Dazu findet eine Sichtung von insgesamt 209
Homepages von Kommunen in Bayern mit unterschiedlicher Einwohnergröße und
unterschiedlicher infrastruktureller Ausgangslage statt. Die Analyse unterscheidet
dabei in die etablierten Bereiche des (1) Bürgerkontakts (Web 1.0) sowie in (2)
Bürgerdialog und (3) Soziale Medien mit interaktiven und Web 2.0-Angeboten.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ländliche Kommunen in den beiden ersten Kategorien
mit den städtischen Kommunen auf Augenhöhe agieren, beim Einsatz Sozialer
Medien aber bisher weit zurückbleiben. Gründe hierfür können sowohl mangelnde
Kompetenzen im Umgang mit Sozialen Medien als auch die infrastrukturelle,
personelle und finanzielle Ausstattung der Kommune sein. Dennoch bedarf es
künftig einer proaktiven Herangehensweise der Kommunen, um diese Lücke zu
schließen und moderne digitale Kommunikationsangebote im ländlichen Raum weiter zu stärken.
Recent trends show the development from digital communication to interactive
homepages and social media features. This contribution discusses the quantifiable offer
of digital features on urban and rural municipal homepages in comparison. For this,
209 homepages of Bavarian municipalities with differences concerning population and
infrastructural situation were analyzed. The analysis discerns three sections: (1) contact
with citizens (web 1.0), (2) dialogue with inhabitants and (3) social media and interactive
web 2.0 features. The results show that urban and rural municipalities are head to head
in the first two categories, in the third case, however, the rural areas are left far behind.
Reasons for this might be the lack of competences in using social media and the lack of
infrastructural, personal and financial resources. It is necessary to actively tackle this
issue in order to close this gap and to strengthen contemporary communication in rural
areas.
NachhaltigAngewandte InformatikTC FreyungBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Javier Valdés
The role of policy on the Chilean sustainable energy transition in historical perspective
Proceedings of Energy and Society in Transition: 2nd International Conference on Energy Research and Social Science (28 May, 2019; Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA)
2019
NachhaltigAngewandte InformatikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Y. Masip Macia, A. Poque González, Luis Ramirez Camargo, Javier Valdés, M. Valin Fenández
Gestión de la Demanda en la Industria de Chile: Aprendiendo del Caso Alemán (Demand Side Management on the Chile Industry: Learning From the German Case )
Ingeniería, vol. 24, no. 3
2019
DOI: 10.14483/23448393.14709
Abstract anzeigen
Context: Both pioneer countries and those that have recently begun an energy transition towards renewable energy require high levels of flexibility in their electrical systems. This article reviews the Demand Side Management (DSM) application as a tool to provide flexibility, and then, to achieve renewable energy penetration objectives.
Method: A systematic mini-review of the literature has been done to review the origin and evolution of the concept of DSM in German and Chilean industry, at the same time, to make a parallel and comparison between them.
Results: Both countries have difficulties in taking advantage of the demand management potential in the industry, the lack of promoting policies and the lack of specific regulatory frameworks are some of the causes.
Conclusions: It is necessary to speed up attention to the management of demand, it is important that the academy contributes with estimates of potential, it also needs public policies that encourage the use of this tool.
DigitalNachhaltigAngewandte InformatikTC FreyungBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Jane Wuth, Javier Valdés, Luis Ramirez Camargo, Wolfgang Dorner
Energy Modelling in Rural Areas with Spatial and Temporal Data in Germany and Czech Republic
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management (GISTAM2019) [May 3-5, 2019; Heraklion, Crete, Greece], vol. Vol. 1
2019
Abstract anzeigen
One of the major challenges for the energy transition is to reconcile variable renewable energy production with stochastically changing energy demand including the pursued changes in e.g. transport like electro mobility. This requires smart systems that should be designed to minimize balancing and transmission costs. The design and modelling of such systems requires high resolution energy generation and demand data, which usually either do not exist or is not available. Methodologies to address this lack of data populate scientific literature but its replicability is limited by an inadequate level of detail in the description of the methodologies and to a larger extent by the absence or low quality of basic data. This manuscript summarizes severalyears of research in energy modelling using Geographical Information Systems as well as spatial and temporal data of the rural areas in Bavaria (Germany) and the Czech Republic. Data requirements for energy demand and energy supply including different types of users and technologies are addressed. Irreconcilable data gaps are presented, examples to fill data gaps as well as recommendations for future necessary developments are provided
NachhaltigAngewandte InformatikTC FreyungBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
M. Roithner, Jane Wuth, Luis Ramirez Camargo
Using spatiotemporal data to evaluate renewable electricity self-sufficiency of municipalities and states in Bavaria and the Czech Republic
Geophysical Research Abstracts, vol. 21
2019
Abstract anzeigen
Photovoltaics and wind power are the fastest growing and best established renewable energy technologies of today. Both are usually presented as the preferred option for energy systems to reach high shares of renewables but their integration is not an easy task due to their varying availability and its grid's feed-in. This work presents the likelihood of municipalities in Bavaria (Germany) and federal states in the Czech Republic to reach high penetration of photovoltaics and wind power until 2050 by taking into account demographic changes and alternative regulatory developments. To accomplish this, spatial development potential of wind power for three different sizes of turbines (10m, 50m and 137m) and free-standing photovoltaics are calculated for the whole study area using a mix of official and open data. Time series of electricity generation are constructed for every single potential area using physical models of the technologies. These models rely on solar radiation, temperature and wind speed time series from the COSMO-REA6 regional reanalysis as input data. Moreover, current total electricity demand per type of sector (residential, agricultural and industrial) is distributed in space using population and land use data from the LUISA territorial modelling platform of the European Commission. The population and land use forecast of the latter data set is utilized to estimate electricity demand per administrative unit for 2030 and 2050. The yearly values of electricity demand for each administrative unit are transformed into hourly electricity demand time series using German and Czech standard load profiles. Finally, an optimization model is employed to estimate if the local renewable potential per administrative unit together with storage systems are sufficient to cover the local demand under current and future conditions. Results are presented using maps covering the whole study area. These do not only show that massive storage systems would be required in order to supply electricity only based on photovoltaics and wind power, but also that the feasibility of achieving this could be considerably different between geographic and climatic areas with similar conditions.
NachhaltigAngewandte InformatikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
J. Schmidt, K. Gruber, M. Klingler, C. Klöckl, Luis Ramirez Camargo, P. Regner, O. Turkovska, S. Wehrle, E. Wetterlund
A new perspective on global renewable energy systems: why trade in energy carriers matters
Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 2022-2029
2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9EE00223E
Abstract anzeigen
Recent global modelling studies suggest a decline of long-distance trade in energy carriers in future global renewable energy systems, compared to today's fossil fuel based system. In contrast, we identify four drivers that facilitate trade of renewable energy carriers. These drivers may lead to trade volumes remaining at current levels or even to an increase during the transition to an energy system with very high shares of renewables. First, new land-efficient technologies for renewable fuel production become increasingly available and technically allow for long-distance trade in renewables. Second, regional differences in social acceptance and land availability for energy infrastructure support the development of renewable fuel import and export streams. Third, the economics of renewable energy systems, i.e. the different production conditions globally and the high costs of fully renewable regional electricity systems, will create opportunities for spatial arbitrage. Fourth, a reduction of stranded investments in the fossil fuel sector is possible by switching from fossil fuels to renewable fuel trade. The impact of these drivers on trade in renewable energy carriers is currently under-investigated by the global energy systems research community. The importance of the topic, in particular as trade can redistribute profits and losses of decarbonization and may hence support finding new partners in climate change mitigation negotiations, warrants further research efforts in this area therefore.
NachhaltigAngewandte InformatikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Javier Valdés, A. Poque González, Luis Ramirez Camargo, M. Valin Fenández, Y. Masip Macia, Wolfgang Dorner
Industry, flexibility, and demand response: Applying German energy transition lessons in Chile
Energy Research & Social Science, vol. 54, no. August, pp. 12-25
2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2019.03.003
Abstract anzeigen
Demand side management (DSM) contributes, among its other purposes, to provide stability and flexibility to energy systems that include a high proportion of variable renewable energy in pioneer countries and those which recently began their energy transition. Among DSM policies, implementation of measures and mechanisms for a demand response (DR) is not a trivial matter. This study presents a review and comparative analysis of the major energy policy developments in Germany and Chile. Based on i) the relevance of the industry sector in both countries, ii) the difficulty in implementing the regulatory framework and iii) the importance given to the industrial customers in the German legislation and DR literature, the following analysis will focus on both medium and large industrial customers. The goals are to review the challenges in untying the full DR potential of the productive industry and to provide recommendations for the promotion of DR in Chile. Emphasis is placed on the lessons learned in fitting the wide potential of DR in the German electricity markets. A review of the successes and failures of the German experience reveals the potential risk that poor policy implementation can have in both the short and long term.
NachhaltigAngewandte InformatikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Luis Ramirez Camargo, Javier Valdés, Y. Masip Macia, Wolfgang Dorner
Assessment of on-site steady electricity generation from hybrid renewable energy systems in Chile
Applied Energy, vol. 250, no. 15 September 2019, pp. 1548-1558
2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.005
Abstract anzeigen
Chile has an immense renewable energy potential but its integration into the energy system constitutes a major challenge. The country has a complex topography that is expressed by a divided national grid with almost isolated subsystems and wide differences in the availability of renewable energy resources. The present study aims at evaluating the potentials of combining solar power, wind power and storage systems to provide steady loads already from the generation source. The analysis relies on an optimization model to size hybrid renewable energy systems and 10 years of weather data from the brand new ERA5 global reanalysis. Multiple scenarios are calculated and intercompared for all possible locations across the country. These scenarios include system sizing considering hourly weather data for the period 2008–2017 and for one year without major weather extreme events. In both analyses, the results are calculated for systems that generate 1 MWh of electricity at every time step and systems that have certain intraday flexibility. Results show that the necessary generation and storage capacities to provide a steady energy output are very high even for areas with exceptionally high renewable energy potential (in the Atacama desert the system configuration requirements could reach 10 MWp of photovoltaics and 10 MWh of storage). Intraday flexibility has direct effects on these results by reducing the total size of the systems but the effects on the sizes of the installations of the particular technologies depend on the individual geographical location.
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