NachhaltigF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Javier Valdés, A. Poque González, Y. Masip Macia, Wolfgang Dorner, Luis Ramirez Camargo
Unveiling the potential for combined heat and power in Chilean industry-A policy perspective
Energy Policy, vol. 140, no. May
2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111331
Abstract anzeigen
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) has again become a key element in international energy and environmental policy, since it is one of the most promising methods of ensuring grid stability, making an energy system more flexible and environmentally friendly. This is particularly true in the case of Chile, which has an energy system that progressively introduced volatile renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. This scenario has led to the development of a new regulatory strategy and CHP flagship projects throughout the country. Despite this interest, there has been no analysis of CHP development or the impact of the latest regulatory changes on its evolution. This study presents an updated cadastre of the CHP facilities as of 2018, together with an analysis of its evolution in terms of an energy policy. From this cadastre, interviews with experts, and a review of the regulations and incentives, the study identifies the main policy barriers for CHP development in Chile. Furthermore, this study presents a series of challenges and recommendations for the country.
NachhaltigF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Javier Valdés, Y. Masip Macia, Wolfgang Dorner, Luis Ramirez Camargo
Unsupervised grouping of industrial electricity demand profiles: synthetic profiles for demand-side management applications
Energy, vol. 215 (Part A), no. Available online 1 October 2020
2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118962
Abstract anzeigen
Demand side management is a promising alternative to offer flexibility to power systems with high shares of variable renewable energy sources. Numerous industries possess large demand side management potentials but accounting for them in energy system analysis and modelling is restricted by the availability of their demand data, which are usually confidential. In this study, a methodology to synthetize anonymized hourly electricity consumption profiles for industries and to calculate their flexibility potential is proposed. This combines different partitioning and hierarchical clustering analysis techniques with regression analysis. The methodology is applied to three case studies in Chile: two pulp and paper industry plants and one food industry plant. A significant hourly, daily and annual flexibility potential is found for the three cases (15% to 75%). Moreover, the resulting demand profiles share the same statistical characteristics as the measured profiles but can be used in modelling exercises without confidentiality issues.
NachhaltigF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Y. Masip Macia, A. Poque González, Luis Ramirez Camargo, Javier Valdés, M. Valin Fenández
Gestión de la Demanda en la Industria de Chile: Aprendiendo del Caso Alemán (Demand Side Management on the Chile Industry: Learning From the German Case )
Ingeniería, vol. 24, no. 3
2019
DOI: 10.14483/23448393.14709
Abstract anzeigen
Context: Both pioneer countries and those that have recently begun an energy transition towards renewable energy require high levels of flexibility in their electrical systems. This article reviews the Demand Side Management (DSM) application as a tool to provide flexibility, and then, to achieve renewable energy penetration objectives.
Method: A systematic mini-review of the literature has been done to review the origin and evolution of the concept of DSM in German and Chilean industry, at the same time, to make a parallel and comparison between them.
Results: Both countries have difficulties in taking advantage of the demand management potential in the industry, the lack of promoting policies and the lack of specific regulatory frameworks are some of the causes.
Conclusions: It is necessary to speed up attention to the management of demand, it is important that the academy contributes with estimates of potential, it also needs public policies that encourage the use of this tool.
DigitalNachhaltigF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC FreyungBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Jane Wuth, Javier Valdés, Luis Ramirez Camargo, Wolfgang Dorner
Energy Modelling in Rural Areas with Spatial and Temporal Data in Germany and Czech Republic
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management (GISTAM2019) [May 3-5, 2019; Heraklion, Crete, Greece], vol. Vol. 1
2019
Abstract anzeigen
One of the major challenges for the energy transition is to reconcile variable renewable energy production with stochastically changing energy demand including the pursued changes in e.g. transport like electro mobility. This requires smart systems that should be designed to minimize balancing and transmission costs. The design and modelling of such systems requires high resolution energy generation and demand data, which usually either do not exist or is not available. Methodologies to address this lack of data populate scientific literature but its replicability is limited by an inadequate level of detail in the description of the methodologies and to a larger extent by the absence or low quality of basic data. This manuscript summarizes severalyears of research in energy modelling using Geographical Information Systems as well as spatial and temporal data of the rural areas in Bavaria (Germany) and the Czech Republic. Data requirements for energy demand and energy supply including different types of users and technologies are addressed. Irreconcilable data gaps are presented, examples to fill data gaps as well as recommendations for future necessary developments are provided
NachhaltigF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC FreyungBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
M. Roithner, Jane Wuth, Luis Ramirez Camargo
Using spatiotemporal data to evaluate renewable electricity self-sufficiency of municipalities and states in Bavaria and the Czech Republic
Geophysical Research Abstracts, vol. 21
2019
Abstract anzeigen
Photovoltaics and wind power are the fastest growing and best established renewable energy technologies of today. Both are usually presented as the preferred option for energy systems to reach high shares of renewables but their integration is not an easy task due to their varying availability and its grid's feed-in. This work presents the likelihood of municipalities in Bavaria (Germany) and federal states in the Czech Republic to reach high penetration of photovoltaics and wind power until 2050 by taking into account demographic changes and alternative regulatory developments. To accomplish this, spatial development potential of wind power for three different sizes of turbines (10m, 50m and 137m) and free-standing photovoltaics are calculated for the whole study area using a mix of official and open data. Time series of electricity generation are constructed for every single potential area using physical models of the technologies. These models rely on solar radiation, temperature and wind speed time series from the COSMO-REA6 regional reanalysis as input data. Moreover, current total electricity demand per type of sector (residential, agricultural and industrial) is distributed in space using population and land use data from the LUISA territorial modelling platform of the European Commission. The population and land use forecast of the latter data set is utilized to estimate electricity demand per administrative unit for 2030 and 2050. The yearly values of electricity demand for each administrative unit are transformed into hourly electricity demand time series using German and Czech standard load profiles. Finally, an optimization model is employed to estimate if the local renewable potential per administrative unit together with storage systems are sufficient to cover the local demand under current and future conditions. Results are presented using maps covering the whole study area. These do not only show that massive storage systems would be required in order to supply electricity only based on photovoltaics and wind power, but also that the feasibility of achieving this could be considerably different between geographic and climatic areas with similar conditions.
NachhaltigF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
J. Schmidt, K. Gruber, M. Klingler, C. Klöckl, Luis Ramirez Camargo, P. Regner, O. Turkovska, S. Wehrle, E. Wetterlund
A new perspective on global renewable energy systems: why trade in energy carriers matters
Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 2022-2029
2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9EE00223E
Abstract anzeigen
Recent global modelling studies suggest a decline of long-distance trade in energy carriers in future global renewable energy systems, compared to today's fossil fuel based system. In contrast, we identify four drivers that facilitate trade of renewable energy carriers. These drivers may lead to trade volumes remaining at current levels or even to an increase during the transition to an energy system with very high shares of renewables. First, new land-efficient technologies for renewable fuel production become increasingly available and technically allow for long-distance trade in renewables. Second, regional differences in social acceptance and land availability for energy infrastructure support the development of renewable fuel import and export streams. Third, the economics of renewable energy systems, i.e. the different production conditions globally and the high costs of fully renewable regional electricity systems, will create opportunities for spatial arbitrage. Fourth, a reduction of stranded investments in the fossil fuel sector is possible by switching from fossil fuels to renewable fuel trade. The impact of these drivers on trade in renewable energy carriers is currently under-investigated by the global energy systems research community. The importance of the topic, in particular as trade can redistribute profits and losses of decarbonization and may hence support finding new partners in climate change mitigation negotiations, warrants further research efforts in this area therefore.
NachhaltigF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Javier Valdés, A. Poque González, Luis Ramirez Camargo, M. Valin Fenández, Y. Masip Macia, Wolfgang Dorner
Industry, flexibility, and demand response: Applying German energy transition lessons in Chile
Energy Research & Social Science, vol. 54, no. August, pp. 12-25
2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2019.03.003
Abstract anzeigen
Demand side management (DSM) contributes, among its other purposes, to provide stability and flexibility to energy systems that include a high proportion of variable renewable energy in pioneer countries and those which recently began their energy transition. Among DSM policies, implementation of measures and mechanisms for a demand response (DR) is not a trivial matter. This study presents a review and comparative analysis of the major energy policy developments in Germany and Chile. Based on i) the relevance of the industry sector in both countries, ii) the difficulty in implementing the regulatory framework and iii) the importance given to the industrial customers in the German legislation and DR literature, the following analysis will focus on both medium and large industrial customers. The goals are to review the challenges in untying the full DR potential of the productive industry and to provide recommendations for the promotion of DR in Chile. Emphasis is placed on the lessons learned in fitting the wide potential of DR in the German electricity markets. A review of the successes and failures of the German experience reveals the potential risk that poor policy implementation can have in both the short and long term.
NachhaltigF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Luis Ramirez Camargo, Javier Valdés, Y. Masip Macia, Wolfgang Dorner
Assessment of on-site steady electricity generation from hybrid renewable energy systems in Chile
Applied Energy, vol. 250, no. 15 September 2019, pp. 1548-1558
2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.005
Abstract anzeigen
Chile has an immense renewable energy potential but its integration into the energy system constitutes a major challenge. The country has a complex topography that is expressed by a divided national grid with almost isolated subsystems and wide differences in the availability of renewable energy resources. The present study aims at evaluating the potentials of combining solar power, wind power and storage systems to provide steady loads already from the generation source. The analysis relies on an optimization model to size hybrid renewable energy systems and 10 years of weather data from the brand new ERA5 global reanalysis. Multiple scenarios are calculated and intercompared for all possible locations across the country. These scenarios include system sizing considering hourly weather data for the period 2008–2017 and for one year without major weather extreme events. In both analyses, the results are calculated for systems that generate 1 MWh of electricity at every time step and systems that have certain intraday flexibility. Results show that the necessary generation and storage capacities to provide a steady energy output are very high even for areas with exceptionally high renewable energy potential (in the Atacama desert the system configuration requirements could reach 10 MWp of photovoltaics and 10 MWh of storage). Intraday flexibility has direct effects on these results by reducing the total size of the systems but the effects on the sizes of the installations of the particular technologies depend on the individual geographical location.
DigitalF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC FreyungBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Wolfgang Dorner, Luis Ramirez Camargo, Peter Hofmann
Can Geoinformation Help to Better Protect Informal Settlements? - A Concept For the City of Medellín
Gi4DM 2019 – GeoInformation for Disaster Management, vol. XLII-3/W8
2019
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W8-115-2019
Abstract anzeigen
New contributions to disaster research need to address the increasing vulnerability of informal settlements in a changing climate situation. Informal settlements are frequently built in hazardous areas and are often left out of traditional disaster risk management concepts. Hence, formal and informal societal structures, as well as technical systems to warn against, handle or mitigate natural hazards, need to evolve. Within the project Inform@Risk we are addressing these issues based on a case study in Medellín (Colombia). Here, as a result of civil conflicts informal dwellings were partly constructed by people displaced from rural areas. They are mainly located in the urban peripheral areas along steep and unstable slopes, where the resettlement of all inhabitants at risk of landslides is unfeasible. This contribution presents the technical infrastructure and the concept to incorporate geodata from different sources in an integrated landslide early warning system for some selected informal settlements of Medellin. Special attention is given to possibilities on how building societal institutions, supported by information systems, increases local resilience. Using geoformation as a basis, we will combine classical participatory planning methods with digitally assisted concepts. These include combining satellite and UAS based remote sensing data with terrestrial sensor networks, crowd sourcing and citizen science to collect volunteered geographic information about the settlement and its environmental parameters, as well as distribute this information and disseminate warnings to the local population.
NachhaltigF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC FreyungBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Jane Wuth, Luis Ramirez Camargo
Assessing Middle and Low Voltage Grid Requirements in Bavaria for the Decades to Come
Shaping a Sustainable Energy Future: 9th Colloquium of the Munich School of Engineering (August 1, 2019)
2019
Abstract anzeigen
Increased urbanization and rural depopulation processes are going to produce a high impact on the future electric grid. The impact of these developments on the shape and characteristics of the electricity transmission and distribution systems is however today not discussed as much as the transition to renewable energies. Current research dedicated to electrical grids focuses on the integration of renewables and the related necessary measures to increase stability and reliability. Topics such as the changes in the shape and length of grid as well as redundant infrastructure issues due to demographic changes are barely studied in previous literature. The present work is a pioneer attempt to address these issues using a spatially explicit approach for the state of Bavaria in Germany. The main consequence emerging from depopulation is not only the increase on size and number of very low populated regions but also growing city-sizes, which up to now already have difficulties of being supplied with sufficient energy. Especially the difference in needs for the electricity grid length per person is going to be even more pronounced than already today. The resulting costs per person to provide everyone with a reliable electricity supply will diverge similarly between urbanized and rural regions. The medium and low voltage grids should be capable of delivering sufficient electricity to users and simultaneously allow the integration of distributed renewable generation installations. While data for analysing the transmission systems (high voltage grids) are widely available, spatial and attribute data of the medium and mainly the low voltage grids are scarce. The first step for the analysis of urbanization and rural depopulation effects on the future Bavarian low and medium voltage grid therefore is the estimation of todays’ electric grid. The present study proposes a method that relies on a) a data set that estimates the topology of the medium and low voltage grids of Bavaria (Germany) based on a minimum spanning tree principle, and b) data from the LUISA territorial modelling platform of the European Commission to calculate grid requirements for the years 2030 and 2050. Two alternative paths are proposed to carry out grid requirement estimations. The first is based on population data and the second on land use data. Grid length typologies are created based on population thresholds or land use types for 2010. The same typologies are afterwards used to extrapolate grid requirements for the future, which follow the population and land use changes of the LUISA data set. The future estimations are therefore in conformity with the forecasts utilized by the European Commission. As a reference base map for comparing grid estimations based on population or land use clusters, the length of the grid calculated based on a) is cumulated for each square kilometer so that the resolution and extend match the LUISA data for Bavaria (the map on the left is the reference map for the medium voltage grid). Results show that when estimating the current electricity grid based on land use clustering, it is not possible to get close to the beforehand calculated reference map. Using population density clusters on the other hand, makes it feasible to estimate the current electric grid based on mean or median grid lengths per cluster category. When comparing statistics as well as the resulting maps, the best method to produce a grid map based on clusters, is when using the median grid length per population cluster category (e.g. map on the right for the medium voltage grid). When using the mean of each category, the results seem not to be as precise. In the particular case of Bavaria, the forecast shows that total grid length requirements will decrease until 2030 and 2050. In rather urbanized regions, the grid needs to be prepared for expansions, while in rural regions existent grid infrastructure will become unnecessary. Hot-spots of such changes can be located using the results of the presented methodology.
NachhaltigF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Luis Ramirez Camargo, Jane Wuth, M. Biberacher, Wolfgang Dorner
A spatially explicit assessment of middle and low voltage grid requirements in Bavaria until 2050
Geoscape, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 88-97
2019
DOI: 10.2478/geosc-2019-0008
Abstract anzeigen
The energy transition towards high shares of renewables and the continued urbanization
process have a direct and strong impact on the shape and characteristics of the electricity
transmission and distribution systems. At the continental and national scale, improved
high voltage grids should allow the transmission and balance of electricity from hot-spots
of variable renewable energy generation installations to demand centres. At the regional
and municipal scale, the medium and low voltage grids should be capable of bringing
sufficient electricity to users and allow the integration of distributed renewable generation
installations. While data on the transmission systems is widely available, spatial
and attribute data of the medium and mainly the low voltage grids are scarce. Additionally,
while there are plenty of studies on the requirements of the grid to allow the energy
transition, there is very little information on the necessary transformation of the grid due
to changes generated by the expected urbanization process. This study relies on a data
set that estimates the topology of the medium and low voltage grids of Bavaria (Germany)
as well as data from the LUISA territorial modelling platform of the European Commission
to calculate key figures of grid requirements depending on population and land use
for the current case and the decades to come. Typologies of grid requirements are proposed
based on a statistical analysis of population and land use data of each square kilometre
of the federal state. These typologies are extrapolated to changes in the structure
of settlements that are expected in the years 2030 and 2050. Results are presented using
maps with expected absolute values of grid requirements and their temporal changes
for each square kilometre of the project area. Grid requirements are expected to increase
in cities and to be reduced in most of the rural areas. The largest changes are expected
to take place in the suburbs of the major cities.
NachhaltigF: Angewandte InformatikS: TC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Luis Ramirez Camargo, F. Nitsch, K. Gruber, Javier Valdés, Jane Wuth, Wolfgang Dorner
Potential Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Self-Sufficient Residential Use in Germany and the Czech Republic
Energies, vol. 12, no. 21
2019
DOI: 10.3390/en12214185
Abstract anzeigen
Independence from the power grid can be pursued by achieving total self-sufficient electricity supply. Such an energy supply model might be particularly interesting for settlements located in rural areas where enough space is available for energy generation installations. This article evaluates how and at what cost electricity demand of residential users across Germany and the Czech Republic could be covered by hybrid renewable energy generation systems consisting of photovoltaics, micro-generation wind turbines and batteries. High-resolution reanalysis data are used to calculate necessary system sizes over a large area by simultaneously accounting for the temporal variability of renewable energy. For every potential location in the research area, the hybrid system requirements for clusters of 50 self-sufficient single-family houses are calculated. The results indicate no general trend regarding the size of the respective technologies, although larger areas where PV-wind power complementarity enables lowering the total system costs and required storage capacities were determined. Assuming that the cluster of households could be constituted and depending on the location, the total installation and operation costs for the proposed systems for a lifetime of 20 years range between EUR 1.8 Million and EUR 5 Million without considering costs of financing. Regions with the lowest costs were identified mainly in the south of Germany.
Version: 2.1.2-qf2