DigitalMobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikInstitut ProtectITBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Martin Schramm, D. Fiala, Michael Heigl
A Lightweight Quantum-Safe Security Concept for Wireless Sensor Network Communication
Proceedings of the IEEE Annual International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (March 11-15, 2019; Kyoto, Japan)
2019
ISBN: 978-1-5386-9150-2
DOI: 10.1109/PERCOMW.2019.8730749
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The ubiquitous internetworking of devices in all areas of life is boosted by various trends for instance the Internet of Things. Promising technologies that can be used for such future environments come from Wireless Sensor Networks. It ensures connectivity between distributed, tiny and simple sensor nodes as well as sensor nodes and base stations in order to monitor physical or environmental conditions such as vibrations, temperature or motion. Security plays an increasingly important role in the coming decades in which attacking strategies are becoming more and more sophisticated. Contemporary cryptographic mechanisms face a great threat from quantum computers in the near future and together with Intrusion Detection Systems are hardly applicable on sensors due to strict resource constraints. Thus, in this work a future-proof lightweight and resource-aware security concept for sensor networks with a processing stage permeated filtering mechanism is proposed. A special focus in the concepts evaluation lies on the novel Magic Number filter to mitigate a special kind of Denial-of-Service attack performed on CC1350 LaunchPad ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller boards.
MobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Raphaela Pagany, Anna Marquardt, Roland Zink
Electric Charging Demand Location Model—A User- and Destination-Based Locating Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 8
2019
DOI: 10.3390/su11082301
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In recent years, with the increased focus on climate protection, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a relevant alternative to conventional motorized vehicles. Even though the market share of EVs is still comparatively low, there are ongoing considerations for integrating EVs in transportation systems. Along with pushing EV sales numbers, the installation of charging infrastructure is necessary. This paper presents a user- and destination-based approach for locating charging stations (CSs) for EVs—the electric charging demand location (ECDL) model. With regard to the daily activities of potential EV users, potential positions for CSs are derived on a micro-location level in public and semipublic spaces using geographic information systems (GIS). Depending on the vehicle users’ dwell times and visiting frequencies at potential points of interest (POIs), the charging demand at such locations is calculated. The model is mainly based on a survey analyzing the average time spent per daily activity, regional data about driver and vehicle ownership numbers, and the georeferenced localization of regularly visited POIs. Optimal sites for parking and charging EVs within the POIs neighborhood are selected based on walking distance calculations, including spatial neighborhood effects, such as the density of POIs. In a case study in southeastern Germany, the model identifies concrete places with the highest overall demand for CSs, resulting in an extensive coverage of the electric energy demand while considering as many destinations within the acceptable walking distance threshold as possible.
DigitalMobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikInstitut ProtectITZeitschriftenartikel
Nicolas Tiefnig, Martin Schramm, D. Fiala, Laurin Dörr, Michael Heigl
A Resource-Preserving Self-Regulating Uncoupled MAC Algorithm to be Applied in Incident Detection
Computers & Security, vol. 85, no. August, pp. 270-285
2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.cose.2019.05.010
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The connectivity of embedded systems is increasing accompanied with thriving technology such as Internet of Things/Everything (IoT/E), Connected Cars, Smart Cities, Industry 4.0, 5G or Software-Defined Everything. Apart from the benefits of these trends, the continuous networking offers hackers a broad spectrum of attack vectors. The identification of attacks or unknown behavior through Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) has established itself as a conducive and mandatory mechanism apart from the protection by cryptographic schemes in a holistic security eco-system. In systems where resources are valuable goods and stand in contrast to the ever increasing amount of network traffic, sampling has become a useful utility in order to detect malicious activities on a manageable amount of data. In this work an algorithm – Uncoupled MAC – is presented which secures network communication through a cryptographic scheme by uncoupled Message Authentication Codes (MAC) but as a side effect also provides IDS functionality producing alarms based on the violation of Uncoupled MAC values. Through a novel self-regulation extension, the algorithm adapts it’s sampling parameters based on the detection of malicious actions. The evaluation in a virtualized environment clearly shows that the detection rate increases over runtime for different attack scenarios. Those even cover scenarios in which intelligent attackers try to exploit the downsides of sampling.
DigitalMobilEuropan Campus Rottal-InnBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
L. Patane, T. Hoinville, H. Cruse, M. Schilling, A. Drimus, P. Arena, Ch.J. Dallmann, T. Krause, R. Strauss, A. Schneider, V. Dürr, J. Paskarbeit, A. Vitanza, Stefan Mátéfi-Tempfli, J. Schmitz
Integrative Biomimetics of Autonomous Hexapedal Locomotion
[Review paper under publication]
Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) [November 3-8, 2019; Macau, China]
2019
MobilAngewandte Naturwissenschaften und WirtschaftsingenieurwesenZeitschriftenartikel
Michael Drexl, C. Tilk, S. Irnich
Nested Branch-and-Price-and-Cut for Vehicle Routing Problems with Multiple Resource Interdependencies
European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 276, no. 2, pp. 549-565
2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2019.01.041
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This paper considers vehicle routing problems (VRPs) with multiple resource interdependencies and addresses the development and computational evaluation of an exact branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm for their solution. An interdependency between two resources means that the two resource consumptions influence one another in such a way that a tradeoff exists between them. This impacts the feasibility and/or the cost of a solution.
The subproblem in branch-and-price-and-cut procedures for VRPs is very often a variant of the shortest-path problem with resource constraints (SPPRC). For the exact solution of many SPPRC variants, dynamic-programming based labeling algorithms are predominant. The tradeoffs in problems with multiple resource interdependencies, however, render the application of labeling algorithms unpromising. This is because complex data structures for managing the tradeoff curves are necessary and only weak dominance criteria are possible, so that the labeling algorithm becomes almost a pure enumeration. Therefore, we propose to solve also the SPPRC subproblem with branch-and-price-and-cut. This results in a two-level, nested branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm. We analyze different variants of the algorithm to enable the exchange of columns and also rows between the different levels.
To demonstrate the computational viability of our approach, we perform computational experiments on a prototypical VRP with time windows, minimal and maximal delivery quantities for each customer, a customer-dependent profit paid for each demand unit delivered, and temporal synchronization constraints between some pairs of customers. In this problem, tradeoffs exist between cost and load and between cost and time.
MobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Raphaela Pagany, Wolfgang Dorner
Do Crash Barriers and Fences Have an Impact on Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions? An Artificial Intelligence and GIS-Based Analysis
ISPRS Internation Journal of Geo-Information, vol. 8, no. 2
2019
DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8020066
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Wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) cause significant road mortality of wildlife and have led to the installation of protective measures along streets. Until now, it has been difficult to determine the impact of roadside infrastructure that might act as a barrier for animals. The main deficits are the lack of geodata for roadside infrastructure and georeferenced accidents recorded for a larger area. We analyzed 113 km of road network of the district Freyung-Grafenau, Germany, and 1571 WVCs, examining correlations between the appearance of WVCs, the presence or absence of roadside infrastructure, particularly crash barriers and fences, and the relevance of the blocking effect for individual species. To receive infrastructure data on a larger scale, we analyzed 5596 road inspection images with a neural network for barrier recognition and a GIS for a complete spatial inventory. This data was combined with the data of WVCs in GIS to evaluate the infrastructure’s impact on accidents. The results show that crash barriers have an effect on WVCs, as collisions are lower on roads with crash barriers. In particular, smaller animals have a lower collision share. The risk reduction at fenced sections could not be proven as fenced sections are only available at 3% of the analyzed roads. Thus, especially the fence dataset must be validated by a larger sample number. However, these preliminary results indicate that the combination of artificial intelligence and GIS may be used to analyze and better allocate protective barriers or to apply it in alternative measures, such as dynamic WVC risk-warning.
DigitalMobilEuropan Campus Rottal-InnZeitschriftenartikel
W. Benecke, J. Adam, M. Mátéfi-Tempfli, T. Reimer, de Oliveira Hansen, R. M. D., R. Safonovs, B. Wagner, S. Chemnitz, Stefan Mátéfi-Tempfli
Magnetic films for electromagnetic actuation in MEMS switches
Microsystem Technologies, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 1987-1994
2018
DOI: 10.1007/s00542-017-3595-2
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This paper investigates the fabrication of magnetic films via electroplating to be applied into electromagnetic actuated micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) switches. Cobalt and nickel films (1 µm thicknesses) were deposited on gold coated silicon substrates via electrochemical deposition. Different deposition conditions were investigated, regarding temperature and deposition voltage. The films morphologies were characterized via atomic force microscopy, while the magnetic properties of the films were characterized via vibrating sample magnetometer measurements. In order to evaluate the integration of these magnetic films into MEMS switches with low energy consumption, a mathematical model was developed and the results show that these films can be applied into efficient actuation with reduced power dissipation.
MobilAngewandte WirtschaftswissenschaftenTC GrafenauZeitschriftenartikel
Mohammed Alnahhal, Diane Ahrens
A Simulation-Based System for Calculating Optimal Numbers of Forklift Drivers in Industrial Plants
Bavarian Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 354-369
2018
DOI: 10.25929/bjas.v4i1.53
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Dieser Artikel beschreibt eine Optimierungsmethode für ein Materialtransportsystem von Gabelstaplern mittels Warteschlangentheorie und Simulation. Ziel ist es, verschiedene Arten von Verschwendung bei den Kapazitätskosten, verspäteten Arbeitsaufträgen und Transportkosten zu reduzieren. Es wird eine gewisse ITInfrastruktur angenommen, wie etwa die Verwendung von Monitoren, um die aktuellen Arbeitsaufträge von verschiedenen Arbeitsplätzen anzuzeigen. Mathematische Gleichungen werden benutzt, um anfängliche obere und untere Grenzen für die benötigten Kapazitätsniveaus zu finden. Danach wird eine Simulation für verschiedene Kapazitätsniveaus innerhalb des Bereichs der theoretischen Ergebnisse durchgeführt, um die genau benötigte Mannzeit für verschiedene Jobsequenzierungsstrategien zu finden. Mit Hilfe der Statistiksoftware R wird ein Tool erstellt, welches Unternehmen für verschiedene Parameter Ergebnisse liefert. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen die Auswirkungen der Verwendung von Batching, unter Berücksichtigung der Begrenzung des Zeilenseitenraums und der Reduzierung der Leerfahrtstrategie für Leistungsmessungen. Die Strategie, das Leerfahren zu reduzieren, indem nach dem nächsten Arbeitsplatz gesucht wird, der einen Auftrag benötigt, ist nicht so effizient, da es die benötigte Kapazität erhöht. Dies liegt daran, dass es die Variabilität der Wartezeit vergrößert und somit den Prozentsatz der verspäteten Bestellungen steigert.
MobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikZeitschriftenartikel
Nicki Bodenschatz, Diana Schramm, Andreas Berl
Usage Profiling in Electric Vehicles
Bavarian Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 342-353
2018
DOI: 10.25929/bjas.v4i1.52
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In the overall effort of reducing CO2 emissions, the significance of alternative drive engines is growing. The transition from combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles is high on the political agendas, with governments providing extensive funding to promote electric mobility. However, there are still challenges that hamper the dissemination of electric vehicles. One of those challenges is the limited range and the resulting range anxiety. Displayed vehicle range data contribute to this, as they are relatively inaccurate and might vary quite strongly during individual trips. This problem could be addressed by personalizing the range display according to the driving style of the current driver. Driver assistance services, like distance control, are becoming increasingly personalized nowadays, however, they are predominantly designed for internal combustion engine vehicles. In this paper, relevant input parameters for classifying the driving styles of electric vehicle users are identified. Furthermore, a system based on real-life driving data is developed to determine the driving style. Real-life driving data were collected in experiments and used to profile the driving style by means of fuzzy logic. Based on the results, an approach for a realistic classification of driving styles of electric vehicle users is discussed.
DigitalMobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Javier Valdés, Jane Wuth, Matthias Schmidbauer, Roland Zink, Sebastian Schröck
Extracting Relevant Points of Interest from Open Street Map to Support E-Mobility Infrastructure Models
Bavarian Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 323-341
2018
DOI: 10.25929/bjas.v4i1.51
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Neben kommerziell bereitgestellten Geodaten nehmen freiwillig erhobene geographische Daten (VGI, volunteered geographic information) in der Forschung einen wachsenden Stellenwert ein. Plattformen wie OpenStreetMap (OSM) bieten inzwischen eine enorme Menge an Geodaten, deren Qualität und deren Mehrwert für die Forschung zunehmend kritisch betrachtet werden. Besonders dann, wenn es um räumliche Planung geht, müssen die Daten vor der Anwendung angemessen validiert und bereinigt werden. In diesem Artikel wird ein Datenverarbeitungsmodell vorgestellt, mit dem OSM-Daten so
aufbereitet werden können, dass der Bedarf an Ladeinfrastruktur für Elektroautos über von Nutzern eingetragene Point of Interests (POI) räumlich möglichst genau erfasst und abgebildet werden kann. Zunächst erfolgt eine Selektion relevanter Datensets durch eine Prävalidierung. Im zweiten Schritt werden die wichtigsten POI selektiert und spezifiziert. In einem dritten Schritt werden alle OSM-immanenten Schwierigkeiten beseitigt. Das hier vorgestellte Datenverarbeitungsmodell ist auf das Thema Elektromobilität zugeschnitten, für welches POIs in die vier Zeitkategorien Arbeit, Leben, Einkaufen und Freizeit eingeteilt werden, um so den Bedarf an Ladeinfrastruktur zu erheben. Durch dieses Modell der Datenverarbeitung soll die Energienachfrage für Elektroautos räumlich möglichst realistisch dargestellt werden und Rohdaten mit ihren bekannten Fehlern durch den OSM-Datensammlungsprozess bereinigt aufbereitet werden. Anhand einer Fallstudie, die im bayerisch-tschechischen Grenzraum durchgeführt wurde, wird gezeigt, dass die Fehlerrate durch die Implementierung validierter Daten um ca 10% reduziert werden kann.
MobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
N. Balbierer, A. Hartmannsgruber, S. Kraust, S. Kerscher, Nikolaus Müller, B. Ludwig
Intention-Based Prediction for Pedestrians and Vehicles in Unstructured Environments
VEHITS 2018
2018
ISBN: 978-989-758-293-6
Abstract anzeigen
Motion prediction for holonomic objects in unstructured environments is an ambitious task due to their high freedom of movement compared with non-holonomic objects. In this paper, we present a method for inferring the future goal of holonomic objects by a heuristic generation of target points (tp) and following discriminating decision making. The target points are generated, in a manner that covers the most common motion hypotheses like following or staying, safety relevant motion hypotheses like crossing future ego trajectories or the movement to special points of interest, e.g. gained from a map. Subsequently, for each considered object a trajectory to the inferred target point will be planned. Finally, the uncertainty of the trajectory is estimated by applying a Kalman Filter with a dynamically adjusted process noise matrix. An additional benefit of this concept is its ability to cope with a different quality of context knowledge, so it can produce sound results even at poor structured environments.
Version: 2.1.0