DigitalNachhaltigElektrotechnik und MedientechnikInstitut ProtectITBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Martin Schramm, D. Fiala, Laurin Dörr, Michael Heigl
On the Energy Consumption of Quantum-resistant Cryptographic Software Implementations Suitable for Wireless Sensor Networks
Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on e-Business and Telecommunications (July 26-28, 2019; Prague, Czech Republic), vol. Vol. 2 (SECRYPT 2019 : 16th International Conference on Security and Cryptography)
2019
DOI: 10.5220/0007835600720083
Abstract anzeigen
For an effective protection of the communication in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) facing e.g. threats by quantum computers in the near future, it is necessary to examine the applicability of quantum-resistant mechanisms in this field. It is the aim of this article to survey possible candidate schemes utilizable on sensor nodes and to compare the energy consumption of a selection of freely-available software implementations using a WSN-ready Texas Instruments CC1350 LaunchPad ARM® Cortex®-M3 microcontroller board.
DigitalNachhaltigElektrotechnik und MedientechnikInstitut ProtectITBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Martin Schramm, D. Fiala, Laurin Dörr, Michael Heigl
Comparison of Energy-Efficient Key Management Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
Proceedings of the 2019 International Electronics Communication Conference (IECC '19) [July 7-9, 2019; Okinawa, Japan]
2019
DOI: 10.1145/3343147.3343156
Abstract anzeigen
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) contains small sensor nodes which monitor physical or environmental conditions. WSN is an important technology for digitalization of industrial periphery and is often used in environments which are not hardened against security impacts. These networks are easy to attack due to the open communication medium and low computing resources of the applied devices. Establishing security mechanisms is difficult while taking into account low energy consumption. Low cost sensors with limited resources make the implementation of cryptographic algorithms even more challenging. For WSNs cryptographic functions are needed without high impact on energy consumption and latency. Therefore, security in WSNs is a challenging field of research. This paper compares lightweight energy-efficient key exchange protocols which are suitable for WSN. The protocols were also implemented in WSN-capable Texas Instrument boards and the energy consumption was measured during the key exchange. This paper shows that schemes have to be chosen depending on the specific network requirements and that the usage of asymmetric cryptography does not always result in a high energy consumption.
NachhaltigElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Melanie Piser, Roland Zink, Sebastian Wöllmann
Smart Landscapes and PUBinPLAN - Digital Participation for Creating Sustainable Rural Regions
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies (ACIT) [June 5-7, 2019; České Budějovice, Czech Republic]
2019
DOI: 10.1109/ACITT.2019.8779892
Abstract anzeigen
This paper discusses the impact of ICT for creating sustainable rural regions. An empirical analysis of 255 Bavarian communes in 2018 showed, that there is a lack of digital content on the communes' homepages. New ideas are needed for participation and communication in rural communes. To close this gap, PUB in PLAN, a digital participation platform was initiated. This platform is the basement for new, smart and effective participation projects using digital and analog forms of moderation for sustainable and intelligent city developments.
DigitalElektrotechnik und MedientechnikInstitut ProtectITBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Martin Schramm, Karl Leidl, Robert Wildenauer
Hacking an optics manufacturing machine: You don't see it coming?!
Proceedings of SPIE 11171 (Sixth European Seminar on Precision Optics Manufacturing, 1117101 [April 9th-10th 2019, Teisnach]), Bellingham, WA, USA
2019
DOI: 10.1117/12.2526691
Abstract anzeigen
With more and more industrial devices getting inter-connected the attack surface for cyber attacks is increasing steadily. In this paper the possible approach of an attacker who got access to the office network at the Institute for Precision Manufacturing and High-Frequency Technology (IPH) to attack one of the optic machines that reside in another network segment is presented. Based on known vulnerabilities from the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE), like the shellshock exploit or remote code execution with PsExec, for devices identified in the network, an attacker can bypass the firewall between the office network and the laboratory network and get full access to the HMI of the target machine.
DigitalMobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikInstitut ProtectITBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Martin Schramm, D. Fiala, Michael Heigl
A Lightweight Quantum-Safe Security Concept for Wireless Sensor Network Communication
Proceedings of the IEEE Annual International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (March 11-15, 2019; Kyoto, Japan)
2019
ISBN: 978-1-5386-9150-2
DOI: 10.1109/PERCOMW.2019.8730749
Abstract anzeigen
The ubiquitous internetworking of devices in all areas of life is boosted by various trends for instance the Internet of Things. Promising technologies that can be used for such future environments come from Wireless Sensor Networks. It ensures connectivity between distributed, tiny and simple sensor nodes as well as sensor nodes and base stations in order to monitor physical or environmental conditions such as vibrations, temperature or motion. Security plays an increasingly important role in the coming decades in which attacking strategies are becoming more and more sophisticated. Contemporary cryptographic mechanisms face a great threat from quantum computers in the near future and together with Intrusion Detection Systems are hardly applicable on sensors due to strict resource constraints. Thus, in this work a future-proof lightweight and resource-aware security concept for sensor networks with a processing stage permeated filtering mechanism is proposed. A special focus in the concepts evaluation lies on the novel Magic Number filter to mitigate a special kind of Denial-of-Service attack performed on CC1350 LaunchPad ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller boards.
MobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Raphaela Pagany, Anna Marquardt, Roland Zink
Electric Charging Demand Location Model—A User- and Destination-Based Locating Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 8
2019
DOI: 10.3390/su11082301
Abstract anzeigen
In recent years, with the increased focus on climate protection, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a relevant alternative to conventional motorized vehicles. Even though the market share of EVs is still comparatively low, there are ongoing considerations for integrating EVs in transportation systems. Along with pushing EV sales numbers, the installation of charging infrastructure is necessary. This paper presents a user- and destination-based approach for locating charging stations (CSs) for EVs—the electric charging demand location (ECDL) model. With regard to the daily activities of potential EV users, potential positions for CSs are derived on a micro-location level in public and semipublic spaces using geographic information systems (GIS). Depending on the vehicle users’ dwell times and visiting frequencies at potential points of interest (POIs), the charging demand at such locations is calculated. The model is mainly based on a survey analyzing the average time spent per daily activity, regional data about driver and vehicle ownership numbers, and the georeferenced localization of regularly visited POIs. Optimal sites for parking and charging EVs within the POIs neighborhood are selected based on walking distance calculations, including spatial neighborhood effects, such as the density of POIs. In a case study in southeastern Germany, the model identifies concrete places with the highest overall demand for CSs, resulting in an extensive coverage of the electric energy demand while considering as many destinations within the acceptable walking distance threshold as possible.
DigitalMobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikInstitut ProtectITZeitschriftenartikel
Nicolas Tiefnig, Martin Schramm, D. Fiala, Laurin Dörr, Michael Heigl
A Resource-Preserving Self-Regulating Uncoupled MAC Algorithm to be Applied in Incident Detection
Computers & Security, vol. 85, no. August, pp. 270-285
2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.cose.2019.05.010
Abstract anzeigen
The connectivity of embedded systems is increasing accompanied with thriving technology such as Internet of Things/Everything (IoT/E), Connected Cars, Smart Cities, Industry 4.0, 5G or Software-Defined Everything. Apart from the benefits of these trends, the continuous networking offers hackers a broad spectrum of attack vectors. The identification of attacks or unknown behavior through Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) has established itself as a conducive and mandatory mechanism apart from the protection by cryptographic schemes in a holistic security eco-system. In systems where resources are valuable goods and stand in contrast to the ever increasing amount of network traffic, sampling has become a useful utility in order to detect malicious activities on a manageable amount of data. In this work an algorithm – Uncoupled MAC – is presented which secures network communication through a cryptographic scheme by uncoupled Message Authentication Codes (MAC) but as a side effect also provides IDS functionality producing alarms based on the violation of Uncoupled MAC values. Through a novel self-regulation extension, the algorithm adapts it’s sampling parameters based on the detection of malicious actions. The evaluation in a virtualized environment clearly shows that the detection rate increases over runtime for different attack scenarios. Those even cover scenarios in which intelligent attackers try to exploit the downsides of sampling.
DigitalElektrotechnik und MedientechnikBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
A. Paler, Andreas Fischer
On the analogy between quantum circuit design automation and virtual network embedding
Proceedings of 34th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC'19) [April 8-12, 2019; Limassol, Cyprus], New York, NY, USA
2019
DOI: 10.1145/3297280.3297419
Abstract anzeigen
Quantum computing and network virtualisation share more similarities than it would seem on first thought: both reach their potential by using the underlying hardware as efficiently as possible - a classical computer science problem. Quantum computing research has already been focusing on key problems related to the scarcity of the quantum hardware, hoping that once scalable quantum computers will be available, quantum circuit design automation methods (QCDA) are mature. Consequently, a significant methodological apparatus exists for a technology envisioned to scale in the future. Likewise, the optimisation of resource assignment for virtual networks has received much attention in the literature. As such, any scalability improvement of virtual network embedding (VNE) would be of high practical importance in the present. There is an interesting and promising relationship between VNE and QCDA. This work introduces the possibility to use QCDA methodology for VNE, and vice versa. VNE problem instances can be modeled using the quantum circuit formalism, and we offer some basic examples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that highlights this analogy.
DigitalElektrotechnik und MedientechnikBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
D. Bhamare, A. Kassler, Andreas Fischer
On the Construction of Optimal Embedding Problems for Delay-Sensitive Sercice Function Chains
[Accepted for publication]
Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN 2019) [July 29-August 1, 2019; Valencia, Spain]
2019
NachhaltigElektrotechnik und MedientechnikMaschinenbau und MechatronikZeitschriftenartikel
L. Larcher, F. Puglisi, L. Jiang, Jonas Weber, Günther Benstetter, P. Pavan, M. Lanza, Werner Frammelsberger
Understanding Current Instabilities in Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy
Materials, vol. 12, no. 3
2019
DOI: 10.3390/ma12030459
Abstract anzeigen
Conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) is one of the most powerful techniques in studying the electrical properties of various materials at the nanoscale. However, understanding current fluctuations within one study (due to degradation of the probe tips) and from one study to another (due to the use of probe tips with different characteristics), are still two major problems that may drive CAFM researchers to extract wrong conclusions. In this manuscript, these two issues are statistically analyzed by collecting experimental CAFM data and processing them using two different computational models. Our study indicates that: (i) before their complete degradation, CAFM tips show a stable state with degraded conductance, which is difficult to detect and it requires CAFM tip conductivity characterization before and after the CAFM experiments; and (ii) CAFM tips with low spring constants may unavoidably lead to the presence of a ~1.2 nm thick water film at the tip/sample junction, even if the maximum contact force allowed by the setup is applied. These two phenomena can easily drive CAFM users to overestimate the properties of the samples under test (e.g., oxide thickness). Our study can help researchers to better understand the current shifts that were observed during their CAFM experiments, as well as which probe tip to use and how it degrades. Ultimately, this work may contribute to enhancing the reliability of CAFM investigations.
MobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikTC FreyungZeitschriftenartikel
Raphaela Pagany, Wolfgang Dorner
Do Crash Barriers and Fences Have an Impact on Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions? An Artificial Intelligence and GIS-Based Analysis
ISPRS Internation Journal of Geo-Information, vol. 8, no. 2
2019
DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8020066
Abstract anzeigen
Wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) cause significant road mortality of wildlife and have led to the installation of protective measures along streets. Until now, it has been difficult to determine the impact of roadside infrastructure that might act as a barrier for animals. The main deficits are the lack of geodata for roadside infrastructure and georeferenced accidents recorded for a larger area. We analyzed 113 km of road network of the district Freyung-Grafenau, Germany, and 1571 WVCs, examining correlations between the appearance of WVCs, the presence or absence of roadside infrastructure, particularly crash barriers and fences, and the relevance of the blocking effect for individual species. To receive infrastructure data on a larger scale, we analyzed 5596 road inspection images with a neural network for barrier recognition and a GIS for a complete spatial inventory. This data was combined with the data of WVCs in GIS to evaluate the infrastructure’s impact on accidents. The results show that crash barriers have an effect on WVCs, as collisions are lower on roads with crash barriers. In particular, smaller animals have a lower collision share. The risk reduction at fenced sections could not be proven as fenced sections are only available at 3% of the analyzed roads. Thus, especially the fence dataset must be validated by a larger sample number. However, these preliminary results indicate that the combination of artificial intelligence and GIS may be used to analyze and better allocate protective barriers or to apply it in alternative measures, such as dynamic WVC risk-warning.
NachhaltigElektrotechnik und MedientechnikZeitschriftenartikel
J. Michalicka, S. Li, Z. Bi, Y. Zhang, Ondrej Man, Y. Hong, Y. Wu, W. Ni, H. Fan, Günther Benstetter, L. Liu, Q. Yang, D. Liu
The effect of O2 impurity on surface morphology of polycrystalline W during low-energy and high-flux He+ irradiation
Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 139, pp. 96-103
2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.003
Abstract anzeigen
The interaction between the impurities (such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen) and the plasma-facing materials (PFMs) can profoundly influence the performance and service of the PFMs. In this paper, we investigated the influence of oxygen (O2) impurity in the helium radio frequency (RF) plasma on the surface morphology of polycrystalline tungsten (W) irradiated at the surface temperature of 1450 ± 50 K and the ion energy of 100 eV. The pressure ratio of O2 to He (R) in RF source varied from 4.0 × 10−6 to 9.0 × 10-2. The total irradiation flux and fluence were ˜1.2 × 1022 ions·m-2·s-1 and ˜1.0 × 1026 ions·m-2, respectively. After He+ irradiation, the specimen surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that with increasing R from 4.0 × 10−6 to 9.0 × 10-2 the thickness of nano-fuzz layer at the W surface was thinner and thinner, accompanied by the formation of rod-like structures. The erosion yield increased from 5.2 × 10-4 to 2.3 × 10-2 W/ion when R varied from 4.0 × 10-6 to 9.0 × 10-2. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows that tungsten oxides were formed at the near surface of specimens when R exceeded 1.8 × 10-2. The erosion yield measurements revealed that in addition to surface physical sputtering process, the chemical erosion process could occur due to the interaction between oxygen-containing species and W at the surface. The results indicated that the presence of O2 impurity in He plasma can obviously affect the surface microstructure of W. The study suggested that O2 impurity can effectively reduce the growth of nano-fuzz structures.
MobilElektrotechnik und MedientechnikZeitschriftenartikel
Nicki Bodenschatz, Diana Schramm, Andreas Berl
Usage Profiling in Electric Vehicles
Bavarian Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 342-353
2018
DOI: 10.25929/bjas.v4i1.52
Abstract anzeigen
In the overall effort of reducing CO2 emissions, the significance of alternative drive engines is growing. The transition from combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles is high on the political agendas, with governments providing extensive funding to promote electric mobility. However, there are still challenges that hamper the dissemination of electric vehicles. One of those challenges is the limited range and the resulting range anxiety. Displayed vehicle range data contribute to this, as they are relatively inaccurate and might vary quite strongly during individual trips. This problem could be addressed by personalizing the range display according to the driving style of the current driver. Driver assistance services, like distance control, are becoming increasingly personalized nowadays, however, they are predominantly designed for internal combustion engine vehicles. In this paper, relevant input parameters for classifying the driving styles of electric vehicle users are identified. Furthermore, a system based on real-life driving data is developed to determine the driving style. Real-life driving data were collected in experiments and used to profile the driving style by means of fuzzy logic. Based on the results, an approach for a realistic classification of driving styles of electric vehicle users is discussed.
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