DigitalF: Angewandte InformatikBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Patrick Glauner
Digitalisierungskompetenzen: Rolle der Hochschulen
Handbuch Digitale Kompetenzentwicklung: Wie sich Unternehmen auf die digitale Zukunft vorbereiten
2021
ISBN: 978-3446467385
NachhaltigF: Elektrotechnik und MedientechnikZeitschriftenartikel
Christoph Metzke, Fabian Kühnel, Jonas Weber, Günther Benstetter
Scanning Thermal Microscopy of Ultrathin Films: Numerical Studies Regarding Cantilever Displacement, Thermal Contact Areas, Heat Fluxes, and Heat Distribution
Nanomaterials, vol. 11, no. 2
2021
DOI: 10.3390/nano11020491
Abstract anzeigen
New micro- and nanoscale devices require electrically isolating materials with specific thermal properties. One option to characterize these thermal properties is the atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) technique. It enables qualitative mapping of local thermal conductivities of ultrathin films. To fully understand and correctly interpret the results of practical SThM measurements, it is essential to have detailed knowledge about the heat transfer process between the probe and the sample. However, little can be found in the literature so far. Therefore, this work focuses on theoretical SThM studies of ultrathin films with anisotropic thermal properties such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and compares the results with a bulk silicon (Si) sample. Energy fluxes from the probe to the sample between 0.6 µW and 126.8 µW are found for different cases with a tip radius of approximately 300 nm. A present thermal interface resistance (TIR) between bulk Si and ultrathin h-BN on top can fully suppress a further heat penetration. The time until heat propagation within the sample is stationary is found to be below 1 µs, which may justify higher tip velocities in practical SThM investigations of up to 20 µms−1. It is also demonstrated that there is almost no influence of convection and radiation, whereas a possible TIR between probe and sample must be considered.
NachhaltigF: Maschinenbau und MechatronikZeitschriftenartikel
T. Mull, T. Wagner, Giuseppe Bonfigli, S. Buchholz, Frank Schäfer, E. Schleicher, C. Schuster, M. Sporn
Safety cases for design-basis accidents in LWRs featuring passive systems
[In Press]
Nuclear Engineering and Design, no. Available online 26 February 2021
2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111095
Abstract anzeigen
This paper presents results from a series of integral tests performed at Framatome’s INKA test facility in Karlstein (Germany) which simulates a KERENA boiling water reactor (BWR). The scope of the test series was on the behaviour of and interaction between the different passive systems and components under the conditions of extended loss of alternating power (ELAP). These SBO-like conditions were aggravated in three out of four tests by parallel LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident). The scenarios of all four tests fully correspond to Design Basic Conditions (DBC). They were: main steam line break, feed water line break, reactor pressure vessel (RPV) bottom leak and station blackout (SBO, non-LOCA).
In the tests, the passive systems integrated in KERENA and INKA, respectively, have fulfilled their design functions fully satisfactorily and as follows:
The Passive Pressure Pulse Transmitter (PPPT) triggered the RPV depressurization without delay. The Emergency Condenser (EC) system removed decay heat along with stored energy from the RPV to the containment. The Containment Cooling Condenser (CCC) system forwarded said power to a heat sink outside of the containment. The passive containment pressure suppression system kept the containment pressure within the design range, partially displacing surplus thermal energy from the drywell to the wetwell, in particular in the early phases after occurrence of LOCA. The passive core flooding system replenished the coolant inventory of the RPV thereby ensuring water levels in the RPV which are fully sufficient for core cooling.
Moreover, the systems have cooperated as anticipated by the designers, quietly and without perturbing each other.
Hence the test results, which are reported and discussed more in detail within this paper, soundly confirm the underlying design and its passive features.
Said tests were carried out as a part of the joint research project EASY (Evidence of Design Basis Accidents Mitigation solely with passive safety Systems), the overarching objective of which was the development and validation of the code system AC2 of GRS (Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit gGmbH).
DigitalF: Angewandte InformatikBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Patrick Glauner
Innovation Management for Artificial Intelligence
Creating Innovation Spaces: Impulses for Start-ups and Established Companies in Global Competition, [S.l.]
2021
ISBN: 978-3-030-57642-4
DigitalNachhaltigF: Europan Campus Rottal-InnZeitschriftenartikel
M. Metzger, M. Duckheim, M. Franken, H. Heger, Matthias Huber, M. Knittel, T. Kolster, M. Kueppers, C. Meier, D. Most, S. Paulus, L. Wyrwoll, A. Moser, S. Niessen
Pathways toward a Decarbonized Future—Impact on Security of Supply and System Stability in a Sustainable German Energy System
Energies, vol. 14, no. 3
2021
DOI: 10.3390/en14030560
Abstract anzeigen
Pathways leading to a carbon neutral future for the German energy system have to deal with the expected phase-out of coal-fired power generation, in addition to the shutdown of nuclear power plants and the rapid ramp-up of photovoltaics and wind power generation. An analysis of the expected impact on electricity market, security of supply, and system stability must consider the European context because of the strong coupling—both from an economic and a system operation point of view—through the cross-border power exchange of Germany with its neighbors. This analysis, complemented by options to improve the existing development plans, is the purpose of this paper. We propose a multilevel energy system modeling, including electricity market, network congestion management, and system stability, to identify challenges for the years 2023 and 2035. Out of the results, we would like to highlight the positive role of innovative combined heat and power (CHP) solutions securing power and heat supply, the importance of a network congestion management utilizing flexibility from sector coupling, and the essential network extension plans. Network congestion and reduced security margins will become the new normal. We conclude that future energy systems require expanded flexibilities in combination with forward planning of operation.
NachhaltigF: Maschinenbau und MechatronikZeitschriftenartikel
Giuseppe Bonfigli, S. Buchholz, F. Schäfer, Nadine Kaczmarkiewicz, C. Schuster, M. Sporn
Safety cases for design-basis accidents in LWRs featuring passive systems Part 2 – Numerical investigations
Nuclear Engineering and Design, vol. 372, no. February
2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2020.110996
Abstract anzeigen
This paper deals with the improvement and validation of numerical tools for the simulation of design basis accidents in nuclear power plants equipped with passive safety systems. Numerical models are implemented in the framework of the 1-D thermal–hydraulic system code ATHLET developed by GRS. Experimental reference data for the validation were obtained at the INKA test facility, a model of the KERENA reactor, reproducing the passive safety systems nearly at full scale.
The validation effort focuses firstly on the accuracy of the models for the single passive components, and secondly on the ability of the numerical simulation to reproduce the interaction of all components of the KERENA design under realistic conditions as reproduced in the INKA test facility. Thermal-hydraulic models are presented and validated for two passive components of the KERENA reactor: the passive pressure pulse transmitter and the pressure-controlled flooding valve. Finally, the full model of the INKA facility, including these and other passive components, is discussed and numerical results for simulations reproducing three different design basis accidents are validated by comparison with the corresponding experimental data.
DigitalNachhaltigF: Europan Campus Rottal-InnZeitschriftenartikel
Kueppers. M., S. Paredes Pineda, M. Metzger, Matthias Huber, S. Paulus, H. Heger, S. Niessen
Decarbonization pathways of worldwide energy systems – Definition and modeling of archetypes
Applied Energy, vol. 285, no. 01 March 2021
2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116438
Abstract anzeigen
Energy system models help to find the optimal technology mixes for decarbonization strategies in countries worldwide. To reduce the modeling effort and analyze as many countries as possible, this paper proposes a novel approach of energy system archetypes which can be directly evaluated. These archetypes classify similar countries worldwide independently from their geographic location. Advantages of this idea are the setup of a transferable global database allowing for data reconstruction between countries, market size estimations, and the ability to compare peer countries facing similar challenges. To enable such modeling, a framework is developed in which the archetypes are defined, standardized modeling rules are developed, and the results are evaluated for validation. In a benchmark against simple geographic classifications, the presented clustering approach, which results in 15 archetypes, improves the variance between all countries and their corresponding archetypes by 44% compared to the variance between the countries and their geographic sub-regions. The model results of these archetypes state the need of balancing technologies for the daily cycle of photovoltaic generation and the general importance of flexibility in future decarbonized energy systems. Overall, the results confirm that archetypes are an adequate approach to derive the set of solutions for the decarbonization of worldwide countries.
DigitalS: TC GrafenauBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Sebastian Wilhelm
Exploiting Home Infrastructure Data for the good: Emergency Detection by reusing existing Data Sources
[Accepted for publication]
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
2021
Abstract anzeigen
Monitoring people within their residence can enable elderly to live a self-determined life in their own home environment for a longer period of time. Therefore commonly activity profiles of the residents are created using various sensors in the house. Deviations from the typical activity profile may indicate an emergency situation. An alternative approach for monitoring people within their residence we investigates within our research is reusing existing data sources instead of installing additional sensors. In private households there are already numerous data sources such as smart meters weather station routers or voice assistants available. Intelligent algorithms can be used to evaluate this data and conclude on personal activities. This in turn allows the creation of activity profiles of the residents without using external sensor technology.This work outlines the research gap in reusing existing data sources for Human Activity Recognition (HAR) and emergency detection which we intend to fill with our further work.
DigitalS: TC GrafenauBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Dietmar Jakob
Acceptance and Practically of Voice Assistance Systems in the everyday life of seniors: A study design
[Accepted for publication]
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
2021
Abstract anzeigen
Voice assistance systems (VAs) are becoming more popular. For Digital Natives these systems are almost part of everyday life. Does this technology also have the potential to facilitate access to digital services for persons aged 55+? Using the example of Amazon's "Echo" devices our research intends to provide a survey of the extent to which VAs are known to the target group how many elderly people own these systems and whether there are any reservations. In addition test persons will be investigated which form of interaction seems easiest for the solution of the tasks and how the operation of VAs differs from the operation of mobile devices to be learned and applied. The evaluation will include statements on socio-demographic and ethnographic aspects. Various Amazon Echo devices are installed in 20 senior households (and additionally in their family households) in order to test user acceptance and its benefits under real-world conditions.
DigitalS: TC GrafenauBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Sebastian Wilhelm
Activity-Monitoring in Private Households for Emergency Detection: A Survey of Common Methods and Existing Disaggregable Data Sources
[Accepted for publication]
Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies
2021
Abstract anzeigen
Ambient-Assisted Living (AAL) technologies can enable the elderly people to live a self-determined life in their own home environment instead of hospitals and retirement homes for a longer period of time. Hence AAL systems are not only used for everyday support but also for the detection of potential emergency situ- ations and for triggering notification chains. For this purpose the people are usually continuously monitored within their residents by ambient or wearable sensors to detect deviations in their daily behavior.This work surveys common used technologies for Human Activity Recognition (HAR) / Human Presence De- tection (HPD) which is the basis for emergency detection. Furthermore by examining various home automa- tion software existing data sources from the residential infrastructure are identified that would be suitable for detecting personal activities.
DigitalS: TC GrafenauBeitrag (Sammelband oder Tagungsband)
Sebastian Wilhelm, Dietmar Jakob, Jakob Kasbauer, Diane Ahrens
GeLaP: German Labeled Dataset for Power Consumption
[Accepted for publication]
Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology
2021
Abstract anzeigen
Due to the increasing spread of smart meters numerous researchers are currently working on disaggregating the power consumption data. This procedure is commonly known as Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM). However most approaches to energy disaggregation first require a labeled dataset to train these algorithms.In this paper we present a new labeled power consumption dataset that was collected in 20 private households in Germany between September 2019 and July 2020. For this purpose the total power consumption of each household was measured with a commercial available smart meter and the individual consumption data of 10 selected household appliances were collected.
NachhaltigF: Angewandte Naturwissenschaften und WirtschaftsingenieurwesenZeitschriftenartikel
A. Hamid, J. Sun, H. Zhang, Thomas Stirner
Molecular dynamics simulation analysis of helium cluster growth conditions under tungsten surfaces
Computational Materials Science, vol. 186, no. January
2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2020.109994
Abstract anzeigen
Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the effects of helium fluxes on helium cluster size underneath tungsten surfaces under bombardment of helium atoms with incident energy 30 100 eV at temperature 300 2100 K. The simulation results show that the helium cluster size depends on the magnitude of the helium flux: at a higher flux, the helium clusters on average form in smaller size in tungsten but with larger number; while the clusters form further away from the surface at a lower flux. The coalescence of He atoms and helium bubbles depends on the tungsten temperature: at elevated temperatures around 2000 K, the incident He atoms in tungsten slow down more rapidly than at 1000 K but the number of vacancies per He cluster is smaller. The incident energy has a strong effect on the retention of helium atoms: The helium retention rate increases with the incident energy, and the helium retention depends weakly on temperature in the low energy range of interest. It is also found that the surface orientation plays an important role not only in determining the depth distribution but also in determining the helium retention and cluster size: at the surface {1 1 0}, the retention rate of helium atoms is the lowest, and at the surface {1 1 1}, the clusters grow easily in the lateral direction. The present simulation results suggest that the {0 0 1} surface is favorable for fuzz growth. The results obtained in the present work provide insight to the reasons why the fuzz only grows within a certain parameter range at the atomic level.
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